{"id":837,"date":"2004-12-02T15:55:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_first_rockets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:50","slug":"the_first_rockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/the_first_rockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Los primeros cohetes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Todas las cosas en la Tierra, incluy\u00e9ndonos nosotros, son retenidas en el suelo por la fuerza de gravedad. Si no existiese la gravedad, todos flotar\u00edamos por el espacio. Se dice que Isaac Newton descubri\u00f3 la gravedad cuando una manzana cay\u00f3 sobre su cabeza.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Para llegar al espacio exterior, utilizamos un lanzador propulsado por un cohete para superar la fuerza de atracci\u00f3n de la gravedad terrestre. (De tiempo en tiempo se han propuesto otras ideas. As\u00ed, en 1865, Julio Verne, el escritor de ciencia ficci\u00f3n, sugiri\u00f3 el uso de un potente ca\u00f1\u00f3n para enviar seres humanos a la Luna. En fechas m\u00e1s recientes, los cient\u00edficos han estudiado el uso de poderosos imanes para poner naves espaciales en \u00f3rbita.)<\/p>\n<p>Los cohetes existen desde hace mucho tiempo. Se inventaron en China hace m\u00e1s de 800 a\u00f1os. Los primeros cohetes eran muy sencillos: un tubo de cart\u00f3n relleno de p\u00f3lvora y sujeto a una varilla gu\u00eda, similar a los fuegos artificiales que utilizamos hoy en d\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>En 1232, los chinos utilizaron estas \u2018flechas de fuego\u2019 para derrotar al ej\u00e9rcito mongol invasor. El conocimiento sobre c\u00f3mo fabricar cohetes no tard\u00f3 en extenderse a Oriente Medio y Europa, donde tambi\u00e9n se utilizaron como armas. M\u00e1s tarde, tambi\u00e9n se hicieron populares para espectaculares espect\u00e1culos pirot\u00e9cnicos.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Everything on Earth \u2013 including us \u2013 is held down by the force of gravity. Without gravity, we would all float off into space. It is said that Isaac Newton [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/rockets_fireworks_cartoon2\/17907457-2-eng-GB\/Rockets_fireworks_cartoon.gif","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Rockets_fireworks_cartoon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=837"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1980,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions\/1980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}