{"id":831,"date":"2004-12-02T15:33:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:46","slug":"all_shapes_and_sizes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/","title":{"rendered":"De todas las formas y tama\u00f1os"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Una nave espacial es una m\u00e1quina dise\u00f1ada para ser lanzada al espacio. Se pueden utilizar para observar la Tierra, para la comunicaci\u00f3n, la navegaci\u00f3n y la exploraci\u00f3n espacial. Tambi\u00e9n hay naves espaciales que transportan a personas al espacio, denominadas \u2018naves espaciales tripuladas\u2019, y otras que transportan los suministros necesarios a las estaciones espaciales.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Puesto que no hay aire en el espacio, una nave espacial puede tener pr\u00e1cticamente cualquier forma. En cambio, el tama\u00f1o s\u00ed representa un mayor problema. Una nave espacial debe poder entrar en el carenado del cohete que debe tener la potencia suficiente para ponerla en \u00f3rbita.<\/p>\n<p>El primer sat\u00e9lite que se lanz\u00f3 al espacio, el Sputnik, pesaba 83,6 kg y no era mayor que un bal\u00f3n de baloncesto. Actualmente, los sat\u00e9lites de comunicaciones pueden llegar a pesar m\u00e1s de 6 toneladas (6.000 kg).<\/p>\n<p>La forma de una nave espacial depende mayormente de que se quiera que gire o no sobre s\u00ed misma en el espacio.<\/p>\n<p>Algunos sat\u00e9lites, como el Meteosat, giran y tienen forma de tambor. La mayor\u00eda de los sat\u00e9lites actuales tienen forma de caja y no giran. Sus instrumentos a bordo, como las c\u00e1maras, apuntan a la misma direcci\u00f3n la mayor parte del tiempo.<\/p>\n<p>Algunos llevan grandes \u2018alas\u2019 solares (paneles solares que transforman la luz solar en electricidad) que giran para estar siempre orientadas hacia el Sol. Los sat\u00e9lites peque\u00f1os suelen tener paneles solares planos en sus cuatro lados.<\/p>\n<p>Los m\u00f3dulos de aterrizaje son diferentes. Tienen que soportar un calor extremo mientras descienden por el aire a gran velocidad. Por ejemplo, la sonda Huygens de la ESA, que aterriz\u00f3 en Tit\u00e1n, ten\u00eda forma de platillo y contaba con un escudo t\u00e9rmico orientado hacia delante.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A spacecraft is a machine designed to be put into space. They can be used for observing the Earth, communication, navigation and space exploration. There are also spacecraft that carry [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/12\/the_atv_and_progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2\/18248696-2-eng-GB\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The ATV and Progress spacecraft use solar arrays, the Apollo spacecraft makes use of fuel cells","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/12\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=831"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1974,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}