{"id":823,"date":"2004-12-09T15:52:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-09T14:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/space_velocity\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:41","slug":"space_velocity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/space_velocity\/","title":{"rendered":"Velocidad de escape"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Los objetos que giran alrededor de un planeta se denominan sat\u00e9lites. A cada recorrido completo de un sat\u00e9lite alrededor del planeta se le llama \u00f3rbita.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

La Luna es el \u00fanico sat\u00e9lite natural de nuestro planeta. Sin embargo, desde octubre de 1957 se han colocado miles de sat\u00e9lites artificiales (fabricados por el hombre) en \u00f3rbitas alrededor de la Tierra.<\/p>\n

Para mantenerse en \u00f3rbita, un sat\u00e9lite tiene que desplazarse a una velocidad muy elevada, que depende de la altura. As\u00ed, normalmente, para una \u00f3rbita circular a una altura de 300 km sobre la superficie terrestre, se necesita una velocidad de 7,8 km\/s (28 000 km\/h). A esta velocidad, el sat\u00e9lite completar\u00e1 una \u00f3rbita alrededor de la Tierra en 90 minutos.<\/p>\n

Los sat\u00e9lites tienen que desplazarse a esa velocidad para compensar la atracci\u00f3n de la fuerza de gravedad terrestre. Ocurre algo similar cuando lanzamos una pelota de b\u00e9isbol o tenis: cuanto mayor sea la fuerza con que la lancemos, tanto mayor ser\u00e1 la distancia que recorra antes de tocar el suelo.<\/p>\n

Si un jugador pudiera lanzar la pelota con la fuerza suficiente para que alcanzara la velocidad necesaria, la pelota entrar\u00eda en \u00f3rbita. Nunca volver\u00eda a caer a la Tierra. Si la lanz\u00e1ramos con a\u00fan m\u00e1s fuerza, de modo que alcanzara una velocidad de 11,2 km\/s (40 300 km\/h) \u2014lo que se conoce como \u2018velocidad de escape\u2019\u2014, la pelota abandonar\u00eda la Tierra por completo. Entonces se convertir\u00eda en un \u2018sat\u00e9lite\u2019 del Sol.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Objects that travel around a planet are called satellites. Each complete journey a satellite makes around the planet is called an orbit. Our Earth has one natural satellite \u2013 the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/newton_s_cannon2\/17886950-2-eng-GB\/Newton_s_cannon.gif","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Newton_s_cannon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=823"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1966,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823\/revisions\/1966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}