{"id":491,"date":"2011-01-24T13:33:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-24T12:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/black_holes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:28:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:28:49","slug":"black_holes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/black_holes\/","title":{"rendered":"Agujeros negros"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Los agujeros negros son los objetos m\u00e1s extra\u00f1os del Universo. Carecen de superficie, a diferencia de los planetas o estrellas. Constituyen una zona del espacio en la que la materia se ha replegado sobre s\u00ed misma. Ese colapso catastr\u00f3fico genera una masa gigantesca que se concentra en una zona extraordinariamente peque\u00f1a. La atracci\u00f3n gravitatoria de ese punto es tan grande que nada puede escapar de ella, ni siquiera la luz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Aunque los agujeros negros no son visibles, sabemos de su existencia porque afectan al polvo, las estrellas y las galaxias cercanos. Muchos de ellos est\u00e1n rodeados por discos de material. A medida que esos discos giran en torno de ellos como torbellinos, alcanzan temperaturas muy elevadas y despiden rayos X.<\/p>\n<p>Los agujeros negros tienen tama\u00f1os muy diversos. Muchos de ellos solo tienen unas pocas veces m\u00e1s masa que el Sol. Estos agujeros negros de \u2018masa estelar\u2019 se forman cuando una estrella pesada, unas 10 veces m\u00e1s pesada que el Sol, termina su vida en una explosi\u00f3n de supernova. Lo que queda de la estrella \u2014que sigue teniendo varias masas solares\u2014 colapsa hasta ocupar un espacio de tan solo unos pocos kil\u00f3metros de di\u00e1metro.<\/p>\n<p>La mayor\u00eda de las galaxias, como la V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea, tienen agujeros negros enormes en el centro. Pueden ser millones o miles de millones m\u00e1s pesados que el Sol. Los agujeros negros supermasivos tambi\u00e9n alimentan galaxias activas o antiguas conocidas como qu\u00e1sares. Los qu\u00e1sares pueden ser cientos de veces m\u00e1s brillantes que la m\u00e1s grande de las galaxias normales.<\/p>\n<p>Los objetos que son atrapados por los agujeros negros se expanden hasta el punto de ruptura. Si un astronauta se acercara demasiado y fuera absorbido por un agujero negro, ser\u00eda destrozado por la enorme fuerza de gravedad.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"Relacionado\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">Relacionado<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/es\/sorte_huller\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">dan\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/es\/zwarte_gaten\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">holand\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/es\/schwarze_loecher\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Alem\u00e1n<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/es\/svarte_hull\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">noruego<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/es\/czarne_dziury\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Polaco<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/es\/svarta_haal\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Sueco<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Black holes are the strangest objects in the Universe. A black hole does not have a surface, like a planet or star. Instead, it is a region of space where [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/04\/a_black_hole_and_companion_star_with_supernova2\/17902678-2-eng-GB\/A_black_hole_and_companion_star_with_supernova.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA, NASA and Felix Mirabel (French Atomic Energy Commission & the Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics\/Conicet of Argentina)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/04\/A_black_hole_and_companion_star_with_supernova2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,19],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-story-of-the-universe","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=491"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1634,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions\/1634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}