{"id":1139,"date":"2004-11-19T09:40:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/new_transport\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:27","slug":"new_transport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/new_transport\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuevas formas de transporte"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

El espacio es inmenso. Un viaje a la Luna \u2014nuestra vecina en el espacio\u2014 durar\u00eda tres d\u00edas utilizando cohetes qu\u00edmicos normales. Los viajes a Marte, a los asteroides y a los planetas exteriores durar\u00edan muchos meses o incluso a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Durante los viajes largos, la salud y el estado f\u00edsico de los astronautas son mermados por la exposici\u00f3n a la radiaci\u00f3n y la ingravidez. Las misiones largas tambi\u00e9n requieren m\u00e1s aire, agua y alimentos. Asimismo se incrementa la probabilidad de que algo salga mal, pero \u00bfc\u00f3mo pueden acortarse estas misiones?<\/p>\n

Una forma de hacerlo es aumentar la eficiencia de los motores de cohete. Los ingenieros de la ESA ya han construido un sistema de propulsi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica para la misi\u00f3n SMART-1 a la Luna. Los motores el\u00e9ctricos son mucho m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os y ligeros que los motores normales. Aunque consumen mucho menos combustible, son capaces de generar una mayor velocidad de escape, es decir, la velocidad a la que el gas del motor sale disparado al espacio.<\/p>\n

Gracias a la electricidad generada por la luz solar que incide sobre unas \u2018alas\u2019 formadas por c\u00e9lulas solares, pueden aumentar poco a poco la velocidad de una nave espacial hasta que esta alcance una velocidad muchas veces superior a la de un cohete qu\u00edmico.<\/p>\n

Para las misiones que se alejen del Sol, ser\u00e1 necesario utilizar motores nucleares; en efecto, utilizando tales motores se podr\u00eda llegar a Marte en apenas unos d\u00edas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Space is vast. A trip to the Moon – our neighbour in space \u2013 will take three days using normal chemical rockets. Journeys to Mars, the asteroids and the outer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/smart-1_showing_off_ion_engine2\/17872705-2-eng-GB\/SMART-1_showing_off_ion_engine.jpg","esa_banner_description":"SMART-1 showing off ion engine","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/SMART-1_showing_off_ion_engine2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1139"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2282,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139\/revisions\/2282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}