{"id":188,"date":"2021-12-02T12:48:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:16","slug":"xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/de\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/","title":{"rendered":"XMM-Newton: ESA\u2019s r\u00f6ntgensatelliet"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Das R\u00f6ntgenobservatorium \u201eXMM-Newton\u201c der ESA ist das gr\u00f6\u00dfte Weltraumobservatorium, das jemals in Europa gebaut wurde. Das Raumfahrzeug wog beim Start 3,8 Tonnen, ist 10 Meter lang und hat \u00fcber seine beiden Solarpaneele eine Spannweite von 16 Metern. Seine hauchd\u00fcnnen, vergoldeten Spiegel fangen hochenergetische R\u00f6ntgenstrahlen aus allen Teilen des Universums ein, und seine empfindlichen Kameras k\u00f6nnen weitaus mehr erfassen als jeder bisherige R\u00f6ntgensatellit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>XMM-Newton werd op 10 december 1999 met een Europese Ariane 5-raket de ruimte ingebracht. De satelliet werd in een ongebruikelijke baan van 48 uur rond de aarde gebracht, op een afstand die varieerde tussen 7.000 kilometer en 114.000 kilometer. De missie heette eerst alleen XMM: X-ray Multi-Mirror Later is hij XMM-Newton genoemd, ter ere van de Britse wetenschapper Sir Isaac Newton.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1200\" data-credit=\"ESA (Image by C. Carreau)\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/05\/Supermassive_black_hole2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/05\/supermassive_black_hole2\/17877257-2-eng-GB\/Supermassive_black_hole.jpg\" alt=\"Supermassive black hole\"><\/figure>\n<p>De bedoeling was dat de satelliet twee jaar actief zou zijn, maar XMM-Newton verkeert nog altijd in goede gezondheid. Nu doet hij in elk geval tot eind 2014 nog dienst. Dit opmerkelijke observatorium heeft allerlei hemellichamen bestudeerd, van kometen en planeten in ons zonnestelsel tot superzware zwarte gaten en ontploffende sterren verder weg in het heelal. In de 14 jaar dat hij werkzaam is geweest, heeft de satelliet ruim een half miljoen bronnen van r\u00f6ntgenstraling ontdekt. Dat is twee keer zoveel als er voorheen bekend waren.<\/p>\n<p>Deze ontdekkingen waren mogelijk dankzij het geavanceerde ontwerp. Omdat r\u00f6ntgenstralen dwars door gewone spiegels gaan, bestaat elk van de drie cilindervormige telescopen van XMM uit 58 spiegels met een gebogen oppervlak die om elkaar heen zijn gelegd. De inkomende r\u00f6ntgenstraling wordt via het oppervlak van de spiegels op twee soorten instrumenten geconcentreerd die zijn uitgerust met ccd-detectoren (te vergelijken met die in een digitale camera). Met een optische camera kunnen astronomen hun doelen heel precies bepalen.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ESA&#8217;s XMM-Newton X-ray observatory is the biggest space observatory ever built in Europe. Weighing 3.8 tonnes at launch, the spacecraft is 10 metres long and measures 16 metres across its [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/03\/xmm-newton2\/17903196-2-eng-GB\/XMM-Newton.jpg","esa_banner_description":"XMM-Newton","esa_banner_credit":"ESA (Image by C. 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