{"id":831,"date":"2004-12-02T15:33:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:46","slug":"all_shapes_and_sizes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/all_shapes_and_sizes\/","title":{"rendered":"I alle former og st\u00f8rrelser"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Et rumfart\u00f8j er en maskine, der er konstrueret til at blive sendt ud i rummet. De kan bruges til at observere Jorden, til kommunikation, navigation og rumforskning. Der findes ogs\u00e5 rumfart\u00f8jer, der transporterer mennesker ud i rummet \u2013 s\u00e5kaldte \u2018bemandede rumfart\u00f8jer\u2019 \u2013 samt andre, der transporterer de forn\u00f8denheder, der skal bruges p\u00e5 rumstationer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Da der ikke er luft i rummet, kan et rumfart\u00f8j have stort set hvilken som helst form. St\u00f8rrelsen udg\u00f8r derimod et st\u00f8rre problem. Et rumfart\u00f8j skal kunne v\u00e6re inde i en raketkappe, og raketten skal have tilstr\u00e6kkelig kraft til at l\u00f8fte det i kredsl\u00f8b. Verdens f\u00f8rste satellit, kaldet Sputnik, vejede 83,6 kg og var ikke st\u00f8rre end en basketball. I dag kan kommunikationssatellitter veje mere end 6 ton (6000 kg).<\/p>\n

Moduler, der bruges til at opf\u00f8re rumstationer, er endnu st\u00f8rre. ESA\u2019s 20 ton tunge ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle) kan transportere op til 9 ton fragt og eksperimenter til Den Internationale Rumstation.<\/p>\n

Et rumfart\u00f8js form afh\u00e6nger hovedsageligt af, om det roterer i rummet eller ej.<\/p>\n

Nogle satellitter, s\u00e5som Meteosat, roterer og er tromleformede. De fleste satellitter i dag er kasseformede og roterer ikke. Deres instrumenter om bord, s\u00e5som kameraer, peger det meste af tiden i samme retning.<\/p>\n

Nogle er udstyret med store \u2018solvinger\u2019 (solcellepaneler, der omdanner sollys til elektricitet), som drejer sig, s\u00e5 de altid peger mod Solen. Sm\u00e5 satellitter har ofte flade solcellepaneler p\u00e5 alle fire sider.<\/p>\n

Landingsfart\u00f8jer er anderledes. De skal kunne modst\u00e5 ekstrem varme, n\u00e5r de falder gennem luften med h\u00f8j hastighed. For eksempel var ESA\u2019s Huygens-sonde, der landede p\u00e5 Titan, formet som en underkop med et fremadvendt varmeskjold.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A spacecraft is a machine designed to be put into space. They can be used for observing the Earth, communication, navigation and space exploration. There are also spacecraft that carry […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/12\/the_atv_and_progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2\/18248696-2-eng-GB\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The ATV and Progress spacecraft use solar arrays, the Apollo spacecraft makes use of fuel cells","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/12\/The_ATV_and_Progress_spacecraft_use_solar_arrays_the_Apollo_spacecraft_makes_use_of_fuel_cells2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=831"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1974,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/831\/revisions\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=831"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}