{"id":188,"date":"2021-12-02T12:48:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:16","slug":"xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/xmm-newton_esa_s_multi-mirror_x-ray_detector2\/","title":{"rendered":"XMM-Newton: ESA\u2019s r\u00f8ntgendetektor med flere spejle"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

ESAs r\u00f8ntgenobservatorium XMM-Newton er det st\u00f8rste rumobservatorium, der nogensinde er bygget i Europa. Rumfart\u00f8jet vejede 3,8 ton ved opsendelsen, er 10 meter langt og m\u00e5ler 16 meter p\u00e5 tv\u00e6rs af de to solpaneler. Dets tynde, guldbelagte spejle opfanger h\u00f8jenergiske r\u00f8ntgenstr\u00e5ler fra alle dele af universet, og dets f\u00f8lsomme kameraer kan se langt mere end nogen tidligere r\u00f8ntgensatellit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

XMM-Newton blev opsendt med en europ\u00e6isk Ariane 5-raket den 10. december 1999. Den blev bragt ind i en us\u00e6dvanlig 48-timers bane omkring Jorden med en h\u00f8jde, der varierede mellem 7.000 km og 114.000 km. Missionen var oprindeligt kendt som XMM efter sit X-ray Multi-Mirror-design. Navnet blev senere \u00e6ndret til XMM-Newton til \u00e6re for den ber\u00f8mte britiske videnskabsmand Sir Isaac Newton.<\/p>\n

\"Supermassive<\/figure>\n

Selvom XMM-Newton oprindeligt var beregnet til at fungere i to \u00e5r, er den stadig i god stand. Dette bem\u00e6rkelsesv\u00e6rdige observatorium har unders\u00f8gt alle mulige objekter, lige fra kometer og planeter i vores solsystem til supermassive sorte huller og eksploderende stjerner i universets fjerneste afkroge. I l\u00f8bet af 14 \u00e5rs drift har det opdaget over en halv million r\u00f8ntgenkilder, hvilket er dobbelt s\u00e5 mange som tidligere kendt.<\/p>\n

Disse opdagelser er blevet muliggjort takket v\u00e6re observatoriets avancerede konstruktion. Da r\u00f8ntgenstr\u00e5ler passerer lige igennem almindelige spejle, best\u00e5r hvert af XMM\u2019s tre t\u00f8ndeformede teleskoper af 58 buede spejle, der er anbragt ind i hinanden. Indkommende r\u00f8ntgenstr\u00e5ler glider hen over overfladerne p\u00e5 disse spejle, s\u00e5 de til sidst fokuseres p\u00e5 to typer instrumenter, der er udstyret med CCD-detektorer (som dem, man finder i digitale kameraer). Et optisk kamera giver astronomerne mulighed for at lokalisere deres m\u00e5l pr\u00e6cist.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ESA’s XMM-Newton X-ray observatory is the biggest space observatory ever built in Europe. Weighing 3.8 tonnes at launch, the spacecraft is 10 metres long and measures 16 metres across its […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/03\/xmm-newton2\/17903196-2-eng-GB\/XMM-Newton.jpg","esa_banner_description":"XMM-Newton","esa_banner_credit":"ESA (Image by C. Carreau)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/03\/XMM-Newton2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=188"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4348,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188\/revisions\/4348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=188"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}