{"id":978,"date":"2004-11-15T14:43:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-15T13:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/star_death\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:26","slug":"star_death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/star_death\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1nik hv\u011bzdy"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

V\u011bt\u0161in\u011b hv\u011bzd trv\u00e1 miliony let, ne\u017e zaniknou. Kdy\u017e hv\u011bzda jako Slunce sp\u00e1l\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 sv\u00e9 vod\u00edkov\u00e9 palivo, rozt\u00e1hne se a stane se z n\u00ed \u010derven\u00fd obr. Ten m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pr\u016fm\u011br miliony kilometr\u016f \u2013 je tedy dost velk\u00fd na to, aby pohltil planety Merkur a Venu\u0161i.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Pot\u00e9, co hv\u011bzda odfoukne sv\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy, se zhrout\u00ed a vytvo\u0159\u00ed velmi hust\u00e9ho b\u00edl\u00e9ho trpasl\u00edka. Jedna \u010dajov\u00e1 l\u017ei\u010dka hmoty z b\u00edl\u00e9ho trpasl\u00edka by v\u00e1\u017eila a\u017e 100 tun. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu miliard let se b\u00edl\u00fd trpasl\u00edk ochlad\u00ed a stane se neviditeln\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Hv\u011bzdy, jejich\u017e hmotnost p\u0159esahuje osmin\u00e1sobek hmotnosti Slunce, kon\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj \u017eivot velmi n\u00e1hle. Kdy\u017e jim dojde palivo, zv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed se a prom\u011bn\u00ed se v \u010derven\u00e9 superobry. Sna\u017e\u00ed se p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt spalov\u00e1n\u00edm jin\u00fdch druh\u016f paliva, ale to jim vydr\u017e\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik milion\u016f let. Pot\u00e9 se rozlet\u00ed na kusy p\u0159i obrovsk\u00e9m v\u00fdbuchu supernovy.<\/p>\n

Zhruba t\u00fdden supernova sv\u00edt\u00ed jasn\u011bji ne\u017e v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed hv\u011bzdy ve sv\u00e9 galaxii. Pot\u00e9 rychle zhasne. Z\u016fstane po n\u00ed jen nepatrn\u00fd, hust\u00fd objekt \u2013 neutronov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda nebo \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra \u2013 obklopen\u00fd roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm se oblakem velmi hork\u00e9ho plynu.<\/p>\n

Prvky vznikl\u00e9 uvnit\u0159 superob\u0159\u00ed hv\u011bzdy (jako je kysl\u00edk, uhl\u00edk a \u017eelezo) se rozptyluj\u00ed do vesm\u00edru. Z tohoto hv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho prachu se nakonec zrod\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy a planety.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Most stars take millions of years to die. When a star like the Sun has burned all of its hydrogen fuel, it expands to become a red giant. This may […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/05\/ngc_6369_a_cosmic_ghost2\/17884213-2-eng-GB\/NGC_6369_a_cosmic_ghost.jpg","esa_banner_description":"NGC 6369, a cosmic ghost","esa_banner_credit":"NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI\/AURA)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/05\/NGC_6369_a_cosmic_ghost2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=978"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2121,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions\/2121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=978"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}