{"id":963,"date":"2006-01-19T11:13:00","date_gmt":"2006-01-19T10:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/mercury\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:16","slug":"mercury","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/mercury\/","title":{"rendered":"Rtu\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Merkur je prvn\u00ed planeta od Slunce. Jej\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 snadn\u00e9, proto\u017ee se na obloze v\u017edy nach\u00e1z\u00ed bl\u00edzko Slunce. I kdy\u017e je v nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozici, nach\u00e1z\u00ed se bl\u00edzko obzoru a je viditeln\u00e1 pouze n\u011bkolik hodin po z\u00e1padu slunce nebo p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tato planeta, pojmenovan\u00e1 po ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00e9m poslu boh\u016f, ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem Slunce jednou za 88 dn\u00ed. Kolem sv\u00e9 osy se v\u0161ak ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed velmi pomalu \u2013 jednou za 58,6 dne. To p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159esn\u011b dv\u011b t\u0159etiny jej\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n

Merkur je mal\u00e1 skalnat\u00e1 planeta. Je \u0161irok\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jako Atlantick\u00fd oce\u00e1n a do Zem\u011b by se ve\u0161lo 18 Merkur\u016f.<\/p>\n

Merkur je velmi podobn\u00fd M\u011bs\u00edci. Jeho povrch je pokryt\u00fd impaktn\u00edmi kr\u00e1tery. Nem\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ru ani vodu. Teplota v poledne na rovn\u00edku m\u016f\u017ee vystoupit a\u017e na 450 \u00b0C, ale noci jsou extr\u00e9mn\u011b chladn\u00e9, s teplotami pod -180 \u00b0C. V hlubok\u00fdch, tmav\u00fdch kr\u00e1terech pobl\u00ed\u017e p\u00f3l\u016f se mo\u017en\u00e1 nach\u00e1z\u00ed trochu vodn\u00edho ledu.<\/p>\n

Merkur m\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b vysokou hustotu. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee m\u00e1 velk\u00e9 \u017eelezn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 vypl\u0148uje v\u011bt\u0161inu jeho vnit\u0159ku. M\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b siln\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole.<\/p>\n

Dosud byla sondou Mariner 10 zbl\u00edzka vyfotografov\u00e1na m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e polovina povrchu. ESA a Japonsko pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed v roce 2013 vyslat k Merkuru dv\u011b orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed sondy. Mise BepiColombo je pojmenov\u00e1na po slavn\u00e9m italsk\u00e9m matematikovi a v\u011bdci.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun. It is not very easy to observe since it is always close to the Sun in the sky. Even when best placed, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/mercury_s_southern_hemisphere2\/17904638-2-eng-GB\/Mercury_s_Southern_Hemisphere.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"JPL","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/Mercury_s_Southern_Hemisphere2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=963"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2106,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/963\/revisions\/2106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=963"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=963"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=963"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=963"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=963"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=963"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=963"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}