{"id":962,"date":"2006-01-20T13:09:00","date_gmt":"2006-01-20T12:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/pluto\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:16","slug":"pluto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/pluto\/","title":{"rendered":"Pluto"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pluto objevil v roce 1930 \u010dty\u0159iadvacetilet\u00fd Clyde Tombaugh, kter\u00fd pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje porovn\u00e1val sn\u00edmky oblohy. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee jde o nepatrn\u00fd sv\u011bt, dokonce men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1\u0161 M\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Pluto ob\u00edh\u00e1 po eliptick\u00e9 (vej\u010dit\u00e9) dr\u00e1ze, jej\u00ed\u017e vzd\u00e1lenost se pohybuje mezi 7 381 miliony km (49 vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed Slunce\u2013Zem\u011b) a 4 446 miliony km (30 vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed Slunce\u2013Zem\u011b). Jeliko\u017e jeden ob\u011bh trv\u00e1 248 let, nikdo, kdo by se narodil na Plutu, by nikdy neoslavil ani jedny narozeniny!<\/p>\n

O Plutu se v\u00ed velmi m\u00e1lo. Jeho povrch je extr\u00e9mn\u011b chladn\u00fd (-230 \u00b0C) a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee je pokryt zmrzl\u00fdm ledem. V posledn\u00edch letech se nach\u00e1zel pom\u011brn\u011b bl\u00edzko Slunce a pro\u017e\u00edval kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 l\u00e9to. Povrchov\u00fd led se vypa\u0159il a vytvo\u0159il tenkou atmosf\u00e9ru. Nyn\u00ed se v\u0161ak Pluto op\u011bt vzdaluje do chladn\u00fdch hlubin Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy a tato atmosf\u00e9ra brzy op\u011bt zamrzne.<\/p>\n

Pluto se ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed \u201cpozp\u00e1tku\u201d (z v\u00fdchodu na z\u00e1pad) jednou za 6 dn\u00ed a 9 hodin. Jeho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc, Charon, ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem Pluta za stejnou dobu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kdokoli, kdo by \u017eil na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b Pluta, by Charon nikdy nevid\u011bl. Ned\u00e1vno byly pomoc\u00ed Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu objeveny dva men\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n

Po mnoho let byl Pluto pova\u017eov\u00e1n za dev\u00e1tou planetu od Slunce (i kdy\u017e se n\u011bkdy p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee ne\u017e Neptun). Dnes je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201ctrpasli\u010d\u00ed planetu\u201d. Je tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch t\u011bles v Kuiperov\u011b p\u00e1su, soustav\u011b ledov\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed prostor za Neptunem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pluto was discovered in 1930 by 24 year-old Clyde Tombaugh, who was using a special machine to compare photos of the sky. It turned out to be a tiny world, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/pluto2\/17879328-2-eng-GB\/Pluto.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/Pluto2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=962"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2105,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/962\/revisions\/2105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=962"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}