{"id":956,"date":"2004-11-19T09:37:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/international_flights\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:34:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:34:12","slug":"international_flights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/international_flights\/","title":{"rendered":"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed lety"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Evropsk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast na pilotovan\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdch letech za\u010dala v roce 1969. Pot\u00e9, co se Neil Armstrong a Buzz Aldrin stali prvn\u00edmi lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed vstoupili na M\u011bs\u00edc, za\u010dala NASA uva\u017eovat o v\u00fdvoji opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9ho raketopl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b se rozhodly vyvinout v\u011bdeckou laborato\u0159 zn\u00e1mou jako Spacelab, kter\u00e1 by se ve\u0161la do n\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho prostoru raketopl\u00e1nu. Na opl\u00e1tku za to jim bylo umo\u017en\u011bno vys\u00edlat astronauty na mise raketopl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

Od letu Ulfa Merbolda se Spacelabem-1 v roce 1983 absolvovali evrop\u0161t\u00ed astronauti 30 let\u016f na americk\u00e9m raketopl\u00e1nu. P\u0159i mnoha ze sv\u00fdch prvn\u00edch let\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvali Spacelab agentury ESA k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed experiment\u016f v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch mikrogravitace. Jin\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dastnili mis\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na \u00fadr\u017ebu Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu (spole\u010dn\u00fd projekt NASA a ESA) nebo na prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch aktivit.<\/p>\n

\"Mir\"
Mir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Evrop\u0161t\u00ed astronauti se z\u00fa\u010dastnili 21 let\u016f na sov\u011btsk\u00fdch \u010di rusk\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00edch. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy kosmick\u00fdch stanic Saljut a Mir (1978\u20131999) p\u0159inesly cenn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s dlouhodob\u00fdm pobytem ve vesm\u00edru. Thomas Reiter str\u00e1vil na stanici Mir t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a stal se prvn\u00edm astronautem ESA, kter\u00fd se z\u00fa\u010dastnil v\u00fdstupu do otev\u0159en\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech astronauti ESA pravideln\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrnou stanici (ISS). Na stanici se uskute\u010dnily dv\u011b dlouhodob\u00e9 mise evropsk\u00fdch astronaut\u016f. V roce 2008 str\u00e1vil Francouz L\u00e9opold Eyharts t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 49 dn\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru v r\u00e1mci mise zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na dokov\u00e1n\u00ed a uveden\u00ed laborato\u0159e Columbus agentury ESA do provozu. V roce 2009 str\u00e1vil Belgi\u010dan Frank De Winne na stanici 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a stal se prvn\u00edm astronautem ESA, kter\u00fd velel ISS.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Europe’s involvement in human spaceflight began in 1969. After Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon, NASA began to think about building a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/07\/neil_armstrong_on_the_moon2\/17891390-2-eng-GB\/Neil_Armstrong_on_the_Moon.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Neil Armstrong on the Moon","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/07\/Neil_Armstrong_on_the_Moon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[28,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronauts","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=956"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4755,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956\/revisions\/4755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}