{"id":924,"date":"2006-01-20T13:14:00","date_gmt":"2006-01-20T12:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/venus\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:50","slug":"venus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/venus\/","title":{"rendered":"Venu\u0161e"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Venu\u0161e je druh\u00e1 planeta od Slunce, a proto je na obloze v\u017edy pom\u011brn\u011b bl\u00edzko Slunci. Je vid\u011bt jako z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e1 rann\u00ed nebo ve\u010dern\u00ed \u201chv\u011bzda\u201d \u2013 nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objekt na no\u010dn\u00ed obloze krom\u011b M\u011bs\u00edce. Dalekohledem lze pozorovat, jak proch\u00e1z\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi f\u00e1zemi, stejn\u011b jako M\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Venu\u0161e je tak jasn\u00e1, proto\u017ee je pokryta mraky, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st dopadaj\u00edc\u00edho slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla. Na\u017eloutl\u00e9 mraky se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed ze s\u00edry a kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech je Venu\u0161e dvoj\u010detem Zem\u011b. M\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejnou velikost a je tvo\u0159ena stejn\u00fdmi horninov\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly. Nav\u00edc se k n\u00e1m p\u0159ibli\u017euje v\u00edce ne\u017e jak\u00e1koli jin\u00e1 planeta. Je v\u0161ak obalena hustou atmosf\u00e9rou z oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho \u2013 plynu, kter\u00fd vydechujeme. Tato atmosf\u00e9ra je tak hust\u00e1, \u017ee proch\u00e1zet se j\u00ed by bylo jako brodit se vodou.<\/p>\n

Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd zadr\u017euje v\u011bt\u0161inu tepla ze Slunce. Tak\u00e9 vrstvy mrak\u016f p\u016fsob\u00ed jako p\u0159ikr\u00fdvka. V\u00fdsledkem je \u201cnekontrolovateln\u00fd sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt\u201d, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil, \u017ee teplota na planet\u011b vystoupala na 465 \u00b0C, co\u017e je teplota dostate\u010dn\u00e1 k roztaven\u00ed olova. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Venu\u0161e je je\u0161t\u011b \u017ehav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Merkur.<\/p>\n

Bez speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrany by n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk Venu\u0161e okam\u017eit\u011b zem\u0159el \u2013 byl by rozdrcen obrovsk\u00fdm tlakem vzduchu, udusen atmosf\u00e9rou, sp\u00e1len na popel \u017ehav\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1rem a rozpu\u0161t\u011bn kyselinou.<\/p>\n

Povrch Venu\u0161e byl zmapov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed radaru. Mapy ukazuj\u00ed tis\u00edce sopek a impaktn\u00edch kr\u00e1ter\u016f. Nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se zde dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed vyso\u010diny, z nich\u017e jedna tvo\u0159\u00ed poho\u0159\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Mount Everest.<\/p>\n

Venu\u0161u nav\u0161t\u00edvily des\u00edtky kosmick\u00fdch sond, ale mnoho z\u00e1had st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nevy\u0159e\u0161eno. Sonda Venus Express agentury ESA se od sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edletu v dubnu 2006 nach\u00e1z\u00ed na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze kolem t\u00e9to planety. V\u011bt\u0161ina jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f studuje hustou atmosf\u00e9ru a rychle se pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed mraky nebo zkoum\u00e1, jak Slunce ovliv\u0148uje tuto planetu. Jej\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00fd senzor v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 dok\u00e1zal zmapovat \u010d\u00e1st povrchu a uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee na sousedn\u00ed planet\u011b Zem\u011b mohou existovat aktivn\u00ed sopky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Venus is the second planet from the Sun, so it is always fairly close to the Sun in the sky. It appears as a brilliant morning or evening \u201cstar\u201d \u2013 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2002\/01\/venus_in_ultraviolet_light2\/17863345-3-eng-GB\/Venus_in_ultraviolet_light.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Venus in ultraviolet light","esa_banner_credit":"L. Esposito (University of Colorado, Boulder), and NASA\/ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2002\/01\/Venus_in_ultraviolet_light2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=924"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2067,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924\/revisions\/2067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=924"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}