{"id":911,"date":"2011-01-26T15:12:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-26T14:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/space_exploration\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:40","slug":"space_exploration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/space_exploration\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fzkum vesm\u00edru"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Po stalet\u00ed lid\u00e9 snili o tom, \u017ee opust\u00ed Zemi a vydaj\u00ed se na cestu do jin\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f. V roce 1957 pak Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz u\u010dinil prvn\u00ed mal\u00fd krok do vesm\u00edru, kdy\u017e vypustil malou dru\u017eici jm\u00e9nem Sputnik. Tak za\u010dala vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 \u00e9ra.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tky kosmick\u00e9ho programu ovl\u00e1daly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz. Postupem \u010dasu se v\u0161ak i Evropa a Japonsko nau\u010dily stav\u011bt vlastn\u00ed dru\u017eice a rakety. Dnes rozv\u00edjej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed kosmick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl zem\u011b jako \u010c\u00edna, Indie, Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea, Izrael a Braz\u00edlie.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 60 let byly vysl\u00e1ny bezpilotn\u00ed sondy ke v\u0161em planet\u00e1m Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, stejn\u011b jako k mnoha satelit\u016fm, asteroid\u016fm a komet\u00e1m. Kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b m\u011bkce p\u0159ist\u00e1ly na p\u016fl tuctu planet, zat\u00edmco rovery proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bly po povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce a Marsu. I Slunce bylo velmi podrobn\u011b prozkoum\u00e1no flotilou kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bylo vypu\u0161t\u011bno mnoho vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch observato\u0159\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad Hubble\u016fv vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled, aby pozorovaly vzd\u00e1len\u00fd vesm\u00edr. Poskytly n\u00e1m \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 ve viditeln\u00e9m sv\u011btle. Mohou v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 pozorovat hv\u011bzdy a galaxie na vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou pro lidsk\u00e9 oko neviditeln\u00e9 \u2013 v r\u00e1diov\u00e9m, infra\u010derven\u00e9m, ultrafialov\u00e9m, rentgenov\u00e9m a gama z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Z\u00e1plava nov\u00fdch objev\u016f zm\u011bnila zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme na vesm\u00edr.<\/p>\n

Od roku 1961, kdy Jurij Gagarin otev\u0159el cestu do vesm\u00edru, se do vesm\u00edru vydalo v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 lid\u00ed. Na M\u011bs\u00edc se vydalo 20 lid\u00ed a 12 z nich se na jeho povrchu proch\u00e1zelo. Byly vybudov\u00e1ny vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanice a astronauti se nau\u010dili \u017e\u00edt a pracovat ve vesm\u00edru po mnoho m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, ba dokonce let.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For centuries, people dreamed about leaving Earth and travelling to other worlds. Then, in 1957, the Soviet Union made the first small step into space by launching a small satellite, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/01\/exomars_rover3\/17887062-2-eng-GB\/ExoMars_rover.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/01\/ExoMars_rover3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=911"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2054,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/911\/revisions\/2054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}