{"id":909,"date":"2004-11-19T08:41:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T07:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_astronauts\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:38","slug":"esa_astronauts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/esa_astronauts\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronauti ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let si Evropan\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky z vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch let\u016f. Prvn\u00edmi pr\u016fkopn\u00edky byli Vladim\u00edr Remek (\u010ceskoslovensko), Miroslav Hermaszewski (Polsko) a Sigmund J\u00e4hn (NDR). V\u0161ichni absolvovali t\u00fddenn\u00ed pobyt na sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici Saljut 6.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Od roku 1978 se uskute\u010dnilo 52 mis\u00ed, kter\u00fdch se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 33 astronaut\u016f z \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f ESA. Prvn\u00edmi t\u0159emi vybran\u00fdmi astronauty ESA byli Ulf Merbold (N\u011bmecko), Wubbo Ockels (Nizozemsko) a Claude Nicollier (\u0160v\u00fdcarsko).<\/p>\n

Merbold byl prvn\u00edm, kdo v roce 1983 let\u011bl do vesm\u00edru. Z\u00fa\u010dastnil se mise raketopl\u00e1nu STS-9, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se poprv\u00e9 do vesm\u00edru vydal modul Spacelab agentury ESA. Ockels let\u011bl raketopl\u00e1nem o dva roky pozd\u011bji. Claude Nicollier musel na sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed let \u010dekat 14 let (STS-46 v roce 1992), ale nakonec absolvoval celkem \u010dty\u0159i lety do vesm\u00edru \u2013 v\u00edce ne\u017e kter\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd astronaut ESA.<\/p>\n

Sbor astronaut\u016f ESA byl zalo\u017een v roce 1998. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 14 astronaut\u016f ESA \u2013 \u010dty\u0159i z It\u00e1lie, t\u0159i z Francie, dva z N\u011bmecka, jednoho ze \u0160v\u00e9dska, jednoho z Belgie, jednoho z Nizozemska, jednoho z D\u00e1nska a jednoho ze Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. \u0160est z nich bylo vybr\u00e1no v roce 2009.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For more than 30 years, Europeans have been enjoying the wonders of space travel. The early pioneers were Vladimir Remek (Czechoslovakia), Miroslav Hermaszewski (Poland) and Sigmund J\u00e4hn (East Germany). They […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/10\/the_european_astronaut_corps2\/17902086-2-eng-GB\/The_European_Astronaut_Corps.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The European Astronaut Corps","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - J-L. Atteleyn","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/10\/The_European_Astronaut_Corps2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[28,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronauts","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=909"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2052,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/909\/revisions\/2052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=909"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}