{"id":9,"date":"2026-05-13T17:27:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T15:27:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/plato_europe_s_mission_to_find_earth-like_planets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:23:03","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:23:03","slug":"plato_europe_s_mission_to_find_earth-like_planets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/plato_europe_s_mission_to_find_earth-like_planets\/","title":{"rendered":"Plato: Evropsk\u00e1 mise zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na hled\u00e1n\u00ed planet podobn\u00fdch Zemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pod\u00edvali jste se n\u011bkdy na no\u010dn\u00ed oblohu a napadlo v\u00e1s\u2026 jestli tam venku existuje n\u011bjak\u00fd jin\u00fd sv\u011bt podobn\u00fd tomu na\u0161emu? Planeta s oce\u00e1ny, oblohou, mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co d\u00fdch\u00e1 pod mimozemsk\u00fdmi mraky?\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tato ot\u00e1zka je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm t\u00e9matem mise ESA s n\u00e1zvem \u201ePLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars\u201c (Planet\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzity a oscilace hv\u011bzd), zkr\u00e1cen\u011b Plato. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je prozkoumat ot\u00e1zku, kter\u00e1 se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b jednoduch\u00e1, ale na kterou je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odpov\u011bd\u011bt: existuje ve vesm\u00edru druh\u00e1 Zem\u011b?\u00a0<\/p>\n

Co charakterizuje \u201czem\u011bpodobnou\u201d planetu? <\/h2>\n

Ne\u017e se vyd\u00e1me hledat dal\u0161\u00ed Zemi, mus\u00edme v\u011bd\u011bt, co vlastn\u011b hled\u00e1me. Za hranicemi na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy se nach\u00e1z\u00ed spousta planet, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich jsou m\u00edsta, kam byste se necht\u011bli vydat. V\u0159ele hork\u00e9 plynn\u00e9 obry, zmrzl\u00e9 skalnat\u00e9 t\u011blesa driftuj\u00edc\u00ed daleko od sv\u00fdch hv\u011bzd \u2013 to nejsou zrovna ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1zdninov\u00e9 destinace! Zem\u011b je jin\u00e1, a jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f je poloha jej\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy kolem Slunce.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Astronomov\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed oblast, ve kter\u00e9 ob\u00edh\u00e1 Zem\u011b, jako \u201cobytnou z\u00f3nu\u201d Slunce; n\u011bkdy se j\u00ed p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 \u2019z\u00f3na Goldilocks\u201c, proto\u017ee v\u0161e v n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u011b tak akor\u00e1t. Nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 horko, ani p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 chladno, ale mus\u00ed tam b\u00fdt pr\u00e1v\u011b tolik tepla, aby na povrchu mohla existovat kapaln\u00e1 voda. V\u011bt\u0161ina planet tam venku v hlubin\u00e1ch vesm\u00edru se nenach\u00e1z\u00ed v z\u00f3n\u00e1ch Goldilocks sv\u00fdch hv\u011bzd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e1 poloha v\u0161ak nesta\u010d\u00ed. Aby byla planeta skute\u010dn\u011b podobn\u00e1 Zemi, mus\u00ed m\u00edt mimo jin\u00e9 tak\u00e9 skalnat\u00fd povrch, velikost a hmotnost podobnou Zemi a stabiln\u00ed hv\u011bzdu, kolem n\u00ed\u017e ob\u00edh\u00e1. Mise Plato je navr\u017eena tak, aby vyhled\u00e1vala planety, kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0161echna tato krit\u00e9ria, zejm\u00e9na ty, kter\u00e9 ob\u00edhaj\u00ed kolem hv\u011bzd podobn\u00fdch na\u0161emu Slunci.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Seznamte se s Plat\u00f3nem: vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm pozorovatelem s mnoha o\u010dima<\/h2>\n

Plato nen\u00ed typick\u00fd dalekohled. Zaprv\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee poskytovat ostr\u00fd obraz, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed rozmaz\u00e1n zemskou atmosf\u00e9rou.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

A pak jsou tu je\u0161t\u011b kamery: m\u00edsto jedn\u00e9 jich m\u00e1 Plato 26, kter\u00e9 v\u0161echny pracuj\u00ed synchronizovan\u011b. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Plato m\u016f\u017ee po dobu nejm\u00e9n\u011b dvou let sledovat stovky tis\u00edc hv\u011bzd, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se maximalizuj\u00ed \u0161ance na \u00fasp\u011bch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Jak ale Plat\u00f3n vlastn\u011b objevuje planety? Existuje n\u011bkolik zp\u016fsob\u016f metody hled\u00e1n\u00ed planet<\/a>, av\u0161ak Plat\u00f3novou hlavn\u00ed metodou je hled\u00e1n\u00ed tranzit\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee pozorujete vzd\u00e1lenou hv\u011bzdu. Sv\u00edt\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u011b, jako vesm\u00edrn\u00fd maj\u00e1k. Nyn\u00ed si p\u0159edstavte, \u017ee p\u0159ed n\u00ed prolet\u00ed planeta. Na kr\u00e1tk\u00fd okam\u017eik planeta zakryje nepatrnou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u011btla a hv\u011bzda se \u00fapln\u011b nepatrn\u011b ztmav\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Satelit Plato sleduje pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto nepatrn\u00e9 poklesy jasu hv\u011bzd. Pokud k tomuto ztmavnut\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed pravideln\u011b, je to siln\u00fd n\u00e1znak toho, \u017ee kolem hv\u011bzdy ob\u00edh\u00e1 planeta. Jedn\u00e1 se v\u0161ak o obrovskou v\u00fdzvu, proto\u017ee zm\u011bna jasu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mnohem men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1% a je nutn\u00e9 ji pozorovat n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t, aby se potvrdilo, \u017ee je zp\u016fsobena planetou.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Exoplanet
Exoplaneta K2-18 b (ilustrace)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00edce ne\u017e jen objevov\u00e1n\u00ed: zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bt\u016fm <\/h2>\n

Objev planety je pouze prvn\u00edm krokem. Mise Plato je navr\u017eena tak, aby \u0161la je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l a pomohla v\u011bdc\u016fm pochopit, jak\u00e9 tyto sv\u011bty vlastn\u011b jsou. Plato objevuje planety t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011b\u0159\u00ed, o kolik se sv\u011btlo hv\u011bzdy m\u00edrn\u011b ztmav\u00ed, kdy\u017e p\u0159ed n\u00ed planeta prolet\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho mohou v\u011bdci ur\u010dit velikost planety. Podle toho, jak \u010dasto k tomuto ztmavnut\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed, mohou tak\u00e9 zjistit, jak dlouho trv\u00e1 planet\u011b oblet kolem sv\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S pomoc\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f mohou v\u011bdci tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit hmotnost, polom\u011br a hustotu planety. Sonda Plato se zam\u011b\u0159uje na jasn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy, proto\u017ee to umo\u017e\u0148uje m\u011b\u0159it hmotnosti mal\u00fdch planet \u2013 co\u017e bylo pro d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 mise zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdzkumem exoplanet obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sonda Plato pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch 26 kamer pozoruje sou\u010dasn\u011b mnoho jasn\u00fdch hv\u011bzd a dok\u00e1\u017ee zachytit velmi rozs\u00e1hlou \u010d\u00e1st oblohy \u2013 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o velikosti 10 000 \u00fapl\u0148k\u016f. Tento \u0161irok\u00fd z\u00e1b\u011br j\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje shrom\u00e1\u017edit najednou obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed. S pomoc\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch dalekohled\u016f na Zemi pak v\u011bdci mohou vypo\u010d\u00edtat hmotnost, velikost a hustotu planety, co\u017e jim prozrad\u00ed, z \u010deho je planeta slo\u017eena.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Planety s n\u00edzkou hustotou jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tvo\u0159eny plynem, podobn\u011b jako Jupiter v na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b. Objev planety s vysokou hustotou je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed, proto\u017ee ta je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tvo\u0159ena horninou, co\u017e je jedna z podm\u00ednek pro to, aby byla podobn\u00e1 Zemi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

I na z\u00e1klad\u011b zd\u00e1nliv\u011b skromn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee Plato sledovat stopy jako kosmick\u00fd detektiv. Nakonec vytvo\u0159\u00ed prvn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd katalog planet se zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, jako je slo\u017een\u00ed, struktura a dokonce i st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, co\u017e v\u011bdc\u016fm pom\u016f\u017ee pochopit, jak se planet\u00e1rn\u00ed soustavy v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu vyv\u00edjej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tajn\u00e1 hudba hv\u011bzd <\/h2>\n

Platon se nespokoj\u00ed pouze se studiem planet, ale dok\u00e1\u017ee analyzovat i samotn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy! Pomoc\u00ed metody zvan\u00e9 asteroseismologie mohou v\u011bdci zachytit nepatrn\u00e9 zm\u011bny jasu hv\u011bzdy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00edmi vibracemi. Hv\u011bzdy tak v jist\u00e9m smyslu maj\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed jemnou \u201chudbu\u201d.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdzou t\u011bchto oscilac\u00ed, tedy pohyb\u016f, p\u0159i nich\u017e se hv\u011bzda neust\u00e1le pohybuje tam a zp\u011bt, mohou v\u011bdci s pozoruhodnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed ur\u010dit hmotnost, velikost a st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed hv\u011bzdy. To je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, proto\u017ee vlastnosti planety \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s jej\u00ed hv\u011bzdou. Bez pochopen\u00ed hv\u011bzdy nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pln\u011b porozum\u011bt planet\u011b.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Asteroseismology
D\u00edky asteroseismologii bude sonda Plato z\u00edsk\u00e1vat informace o mate\u0159sk\u00fdch hv\u011bzd\u00e1ch exoplanet.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a v\u00fdvoji <\/h2>\n

Planety se neobjevuj\u00ed v hotov\u00e9 podob\u011b. Vznikaj\u00ed z prachu a plynu v\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00edho kolem mlad\u00fdch hv\u011bzd a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu milion\u016f let se pomalu formuj\u00ed do podoby sv\u011bt\u016f. Pochopen\u00ed tohoto procesu n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pochopit, jak vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 \u2013 \u010di naopak b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u2013 mohou b\u00fdt planety podobn\u00e9 Zemi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli se sonda Plato zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na hled\u00e1n\u00ed planet podobn\u00fdch Zemi, p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumu oblohy by m\u011bla objevit nov\u00e9 planet\u00e1rn\u00ed soustavy s tis\u00edci exoplanet v\u0161ech velikost\u00ed, exom\u011bs\u00edc\u016f (m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch kolem jin\u00fdch planet) a dokonce i exoprstenc\u016f (podobn\u00fdch Saturnov\u00fdm prstenc\u016fm, ale kolem vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f). Ka\u017ed\u00fd objev p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed kousek do skl\u00e1da\u010dky toho, jak se planet\u00e1rn\u00ed soustavy tvo\u0159\u00ed, jak se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u011bn\u00ed a pro\u010d se n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich st\u00e1vaj\u00ed obyvateln\u00fdmi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka\u00a0\u00a0<\/h3>\n

Po v\u0161ech t\u011bch kamer\u00e1ch, v\u00fdpo\u010dtech a pe\u010dliv\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00edch se v\u0161e vrac\u00ed k t\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed ot\u00e1zce: existuje ve vesm\u00edru druh\u00e1 Zem\u011b? Nebo je na\u0161e planeta skute\u010dn\u011b jedine\u010dn\u00e1?\u00a0<\/p>\n

Plato n\u00e1m na tuto ot\u00e1zku neodpov\u00ed ze dne na den, ale nasm\u011bruje n\u00e1s spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u00e1m poskytne n\u011bco, co jsme dosud nem\u011bli: podrobnou a spolehlivou mapu exoplanet a jejich vlastnost\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u011bkde na t\u00e9 map\u011b se mo\u017en\u00e1 nach\u00e1z\u00ed mal\u00fd skalnat\u00fd sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd ti\u0161e ob\u00edh\u00e1 na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b a jen \u010dek\u00e1, a\u017e si ho n\u011bkdo v\u0161imne.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Exoplanet
Syst\u00e9m exoplanet<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Have you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered\u2026 is there another world out there like ours? A planet with oceans, skies, maybe even something breathing under alien […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2023\/05\/plato_key_visual\/24887599-2-eng-GB\/Plato_key_visual.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Artist\u2019s impression of Plato.","esa_banner_credit":"ATG Europe","esa_banner_licence":"CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO or ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2023\/05\/Plato_key_visual","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-9","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4256,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9\/revisions\/4256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=9"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=9"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=9"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=9"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=9"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=9"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=9"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}