{"id":893,"date":"2007-10-03T10:15:00","date_gmt":"2007-10-03T08:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/more_than_50_years_of_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:28","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:28","slug":"more_than_50_years_of_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/more_than_50_years_of_space\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00edce ne\u017e 50 let ve vesm\u00edru!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>4. \u0159\u00edjna 1957 odstartovala z Kazachst\u00e1nu upraven\u00e1 sov\u011btsk\u00e1 raketa nesouc\u00ed malou kovovou kouli \u2013 prvn\u00ed dru\u017eici na sv\u011bt\u011b. Tato koule o velikosti basketbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Sputnik (\u2018Spole\u010dn\u00edk\u2019 nebo \u2018Satelit\u2019), se stala senzac\u00ed, kdy\u017e ob\u00edhala kolem Zem\u011b a vys\u00edlala sign\u00e1l \u2018p\u00edp p\u00edp\u2019. Sv\u011bt u\u017e nikdy nebyl stejn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>V po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho v\u011bku vedly v z\u00e1vod\u011b o nadvl\u00e1du nad vesm\u00edrem americk\u00e1 a sov\u011btsk\u00e1 supervelmoci. Mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v Evrop\u011b a Asii, v\u0161ak rovn\u011b\u017e za\u010dalo rozv\u00edjet sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed programy satelit\u016f a nosn\u00fdch raket. Dnes m\u00e1 samotn\u00e1 Evropsk\u00e1 vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 agentura 18 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Mnoh\u00e9 z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch pr\u016flom\u016f v oblasti pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru vznikly pr\u00e1v\u011b v Evrop\u011b, od konstrukce raket a\u017e po geostacion\u00e1rn\u00ed ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"397\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/10\/Apollo_11_bootprint2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/10\/apollo_11_bootprint2\/17903343-2-eng-GB\/Apollo_11_bootprint.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>P\u016fl stolet\u00ed po Sputniku je kosmick\u00e1 technologie sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Spol\u00e9h\u00e1me se na satelity p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed televize a p\u0159i d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch telefonn\u00edch hovorech, p\u0159i p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, navigaci a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof. Vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 observato\u0159e zkoumaj\u00ed vznik planet, hv\u011bzd, galaxi\u00ed a samotn\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru. Vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 sondy nav\u0161t\u00edvily t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echna v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 t\u011blesa ve slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b. A na M\u011bs\u00edci se pro\u0161lo 12 lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"ESA - AOES Medialab\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/05\/Artist_s_impression_of_ExoMars_rover_arrival_at_the_Red_Planet4\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/05\/artist_s_impression_of_exomars_rover_arrival_at_the_red_planet4\/17869634-2-eng-GB\/Artist_s_impression_of_ExoMars_rover_arrival_at_the_Red_Planet.jpg\" alt=\"Artist&#x27;s impression of ExoMars rover arrival at the Red Planet\"><figcaption>Um\u011bleck\u00e1 p\u0159edstava p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed voz\u00edtka ExoMars na Rud\u00e9 planet\u011b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pokud posledn\u00edch 50 let p\u0159edstavuje za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry pro lidstvo, kdo v\u00ed, \u010deho se poda\u0159\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm p\u016flstolet\u00ed? Mo\u017en\u00e1 budete jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed str\u00e1v\u00ed dovolenou na M\u011bs\u00edci nebo vkro\u010d\u00ed na Mars.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/esakidsen\/semcgvu7d7f_q.html\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">Kv\u00edz: \u201c50 let ve vesm\u00edru\u201d<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 4 October 1957, a modified Soviet missile lifted off from Kazakhstan carrying a small metal ball &#8211; the world\u2019s first satellite. Known as Sputnik (\u2018Companion\u2019 or \u2018Satellite\u2019), the basketball-sized [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2007\/03\/first_signals_from_sputnik2\/17870892-2-eng-GB\/First_signals_from_Sputnik.jpg","esa_banner_description":"First signals from Sputnik","esa_banner_credit":"Dallas News Staff Photo","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2007\/03\/First_signals_from_Sputnik2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=893"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4725,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/893\/revisions\/4725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}