{"id":881,"date":"2006-09-07T12:06:00","date_gmt":"2006-09-07T10:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/supernovas\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:33:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:33:19","slug":"supernovas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/supernovas\/","title":{"rendered":"Supernovy"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Na\u0161e Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha je \u010das od \u010dasu osv\u011btlena obrovsk\u00fdm v\u00fdbuchem. Tato bou\u0159liv\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako supernova, znamen\u00e1 smrt superob\u0159\u00ed hv\u011bzdy \u2013 hv\u011bzdy s velkou hmotnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Slunce. Jedna z posledn\u00edch supernov v Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze se odehr\u00e1la p\u0159ed asi 340 lety v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Kasiopeje, a proto je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Kasiopeja A (Cas A).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Cas A se nach\u00e1z\u00ed deset tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od Zem\u011b. Observato\u0159e, jako je vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled Hubble NASA-ESA, provedly podrobn\u00e9 studie zbytkov\u00e9ho mraku z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00edho plynu a prachu.<\/p>\n

\"Zooming
Zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed oblasti Cassiopeia A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sn\u00edmky zachycuj\u00ed rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd prstenec hmoty, kter\u00fd se rychle vzdaluje od m\u00edsta v\u00fdbuchu. \u010c\u00e1st t\u00e9to hmoty se pohybuje rychlost\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 milion\u016f km za hodinu (co\u017e je dost na to, aby urazila vzd\u00e1lenost ze Zem\u011b na M\u011bs\u00edc za 30 sekund!). Obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00edry trosek z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, proto\u017ee byly zah\u0159\u00e1ty r\u00e1zovou vlnou ze supernovy, kter\u00e1 kolem nich pro\u0161la.<\/p>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f v\u00fdbuch\u016f supernov. Cas A explodovala, kdy\u017e mal\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako b\u00edl\u00fd trpasl\u00edk, p\u0159it\u00e1hla velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed hmoty z bl\u00edzk\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. Jak se plyn hromadil, b\u00edl\u00fd trpasl\u00edk se natolik zah\u0159\u00e1l a stal se tak aktivn\u00edm, \u017ee explodoval. K jin\u00fdm supernov\u00e1m doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e masivn\u00edm hv\u011bzd\u00e1m dojde v j\u00e1drech jadern\u00e9 palivo. J\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e nen\u00ed schopno vyd\u00e1vat energii, se zhrout\u00ed a hv\u011bzdu zni\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Supernovy jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee rozptyluj\u00ed hv\u011bzdnou hmotu po cel\u00e9 galaxii. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e na Zemi (v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1s!) je tvo\u0159eno prvky (jako je uhl\u00edk a \u017eelezo), kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z tohoto hv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho prachu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Every now and again our Milky Way galaxy is lit up by a huge explosion. Known as a supernova, this violent event marks the death of a supergiant \u2013 a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2006\/08\/hubble_s_view_of_supernova_explosion_cassiopeia_a2\/18245292-2-eng-GB\/Hubble_s_view_of_supernova_explosion_Cassiopeia_A.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Hubble\u2019s view of supernova explosion Cassiopeia A","esa_banner_credit":"NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI\/AURA)-ESA\/Hubble Collaboration","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2006\/08\/Hubble_s_view_of_supernova_explosion_Cassiopeia_A2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=881"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4717,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/881\/revisions\/4717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=881"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}