{"id":849,"date":"2010-02-25T13:30:00","date_gmt":"2010-02-25T12:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/mars_express_and_the_mystery_of_phobos\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:58","slug":"mars_express_and_the_mystery_of_phobos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/mars_express_and_the_mystery_of_phobos\/","title":{"rendered":"Mars Express a z\u00e1hada Phobosu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Orbiter Mars Express agentury ESA zas\u00edl\u00e1 pozoruhodn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky a dal\u0161\u00ed data ji\u017e od sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edletu k Rud\u00e9 planet\u011b v prosinci 2003. A\u010dkoli je Mars jeho prim\u00e1rn\u00edm c\u00edlem, pol\u00e1rn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha sondy ji ob\u010das zavede do bl\u00edzkosti Phobosu, v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho z obou m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f t\u00e9to planety. B\u011bhem posledn\u00ed s\u00e9rie p\u0159elet\u016f, kter\u00e9 se uskute\u010dn\u00ed mezi 16. \u00fanorem a 26. b\u0159eznem, stanov\u00ed sonda Mars Express 3. b\u0159ezna nov\u00fd rekord, kdy\u017e se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k povrchu Phobosu na vzd\u00e1lenost pouh\u00fdch 50 km. Data shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 b\u011bhem t\u011bchto bl\u00edzk\u00fdch p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mohou pomoci vy\u0159e\u0161it n\u011bkter\u00e1 z tajemstv\u00ed obklopuj\u00edc\u00edch tento zaj\u00edmav\u00fd mal\u00fd satelit.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2541\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/01\/Mars_Express2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/01\/mars_express2\/17902345-2-eng-GB\/Mars_Express.jpg\" alt=\"Mars Express\"><figcaption>Mars Express<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sn\u00edmky zaslan\u00e9 sondou Mars Express a dal\u0161\u00edmi kosmick\u00fdmi sondami ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Phobos je poni\u010den\u00e1 sk\u00e1la ve tvaru brambory o pr\u016fm\u011bru men\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 28 km. Ob\u00edh\u00e1 po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 kruhov\u00e9 rovn\u00edkov\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze ve v\u00fd\u0161ce asi 6000 km nad povrchem planety. Aby se vyhnul sr\u00e1\u017ece s Marsem, mus\u00ed se po sv\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze pohybovat velmi rychle. Ka\u017ed\u00fd ob\u011bh trv\u00e1 7 hodin a 39 minut, tak\u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk stoj\u00edc\u00ed na povrchu planety by vid\u011bl, jak Phobos t\u0159ikr\u00e1t denn\u011b p\u0159el\u00e9t\u00e1 oblohou ze z\u00e1padu na v\u00fdchod.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u011bdc\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee tato mal\u00e1 vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 hornina je asteroid, kter\u00fd se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko k Marsu a byl zachycen jeho gravitac\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vysv\u011btlit, jak se Phobos dostal na svou sou\u010dasnou ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu. V\u011bt\u0161ina zachycen\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f ob\u00edh\u00e1 po velmi eliptick\u00fdch (vej\u010dit\u00fdch) drah\u00e1ch daleko od sv\u00e9 planety. S vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00edm t\u00e9to z\u00e1hady by mohla pomoci sonda Mars Express. Studiem toho, jak gravitace Phobosu p\u016fsob\u00ed na sondu a m\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00ed ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu, se v\u011bdci dozv\u011bd\u00ed v\u00edce o vnit\u0159ku tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce. Dosavadn\u00ed \u00fadaje nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee Phobos m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt por\u00e9zn\u00ed hromada hornin s mnoha pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdmi prostory.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ESA\u2019s Mars Express orbiter has been sending back remarkable images and other data since it reached the Red Planet in December 2003. Although Mars is its primary target, the spacecraft\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/12\/phobos_up_close2\/17873150-2-eng-GB\/Phobos_up_close.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Phobos up close","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin (G. 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