{"id":841,"date":"2004-12-02T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/expendable_or_reusable\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:53","slug":"expendable_or_reusable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/expendable_or_reusable\/","title":{"rendered":"Na jedno pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e evropsk\u00e1 raketa Ariane 5 odstartuje z Kourou, jej\u00ed stupn\u011b dopadnou do oce\u00e1nu nebo sho\u0159\u00ed v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Nosn\u00e9 rakety, jako je Ariane 5, se ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako \u2018jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Vyhazovat raketu poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e je vypu\u0161t\u011bna, se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt nehospod\u00e1rn\u00e9 a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9. N\u00e1klady se v\u0161ak da\u0159\u00ed udr\u017eet na n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni d\u00edky s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b raket. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed se na mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edch link\u00e1ch \u2013 podobn\u011b jako drah\u00e1 auta.<\/p>\n

Jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 rakety mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 velmi spolehliv\u00e9. Pokud jedna z nich sel\u017ee p\u0159i startu, je pom\u011brn\u011b snadn\u00e9 zjistit, co se pokazilo, a probl\u00e9m odstranit.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem je vyvinout opakovan\u011b pou\u017eitelnou nosnou raketu. Dosud byla v provozu pouze americk\u00e1 raketopl\u00e1nov\u00e1 lo\u010f.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed raketopl\u00e1nu Shuttle je navr\u017eena tak, aby vydr\u017eela a\u017e 100 let\u016f. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby lze znovu pou\u017e\u00edt i pomocn\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 motory na tuh\u00e9 palivo. Pouze vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed palivov\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e se po ka\u017ed\u00e9m letu vy\u0159azuje.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba a provoz raketopl\u00e1nu Shuttle jsou v\u0161ak velmi n\u00e1kladn\u00e9. D\u016fvodem je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to, \u017ee je navr\u017een pro p\u0159epravu a\u017e sedmi \u010dlen\u016f pos\u00e1dky. Mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 odolat extr\u00e9mn\u00edmu \u017e\u00e1ru p\u0159i n\u00e1vratu do atmosf\u00e9ry a p\u0159ist\u00e1t na p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed dr\u00e1ze. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 nosn\u00e9 rakety se nepl\u00e1nuj\u00ed, i kdy\u017e v\u00fdzkum t\u011bchto vozidel pokra\u010duje.<\/p>\n

ESA se bude ob\u011bma p\u0159\u00edstupy podrobn\u011b zab\u00fdvat, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nakonec rozhodnout o tom, jak nahradit raketu Ariane 5.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Every time Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 lifts off from Kourou, its rocket stages fall into the ocean or burn up in the atmosphere. Launchers such as Ariane 5 are said to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2000\/08\/atmospheric_re-entry_demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression2\/17866009-3-eng-GB\/Atmospheric_Re-entry_Demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Atmospheric Re-entry Demonstrator - artist's impression","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - D.Ducros","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2000\/08\/Atmospheric_Re-entry_Demonstrator_-_artist_s_impression2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=841"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1984,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/841\/revisions\/1984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=841"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}