{"id":840,"date":"2004-12-02T15:23:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/liftoff_from_south_america\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:52","slug":"liftoff_from_south_america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/liftoff_from_south_america\/","title":{"rendered":"Start z Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Posledn\u00edch 30 let se v\u0161echny evropsk\u00e9 rakety vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed z Kourou v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe. Pro\u010d si Evropa vybrala kosmodrom na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b sv\u011bta?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho m\u00edsta za\u010dalo v 60. letech, kdy se Francie musela vzd\u00e1t sv\u00e9 odpalovac\u00ed z\u00e1kladny v al\u017e\u00edrsk\u00e9 pou\u0161ti.<\/p>\n<p>Francouzsk\u00e1 kosmick\u00e1 agentura nakonec vybrala pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed lokalitu na okraji d\u017eungle ve Francouzsk\u00e9 Guyan\u011b. Nov\u00e9 m\u00edsto se nach\u00e1zelo pobl\u00ed\u017e ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vesnice Kourou a nedaleko star\u00e9 v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00e9 kolonie na \u010e\u00e1blov\u011b ostrov\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Kourou le\u017eelo tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f od Evropy a v\u0161echno se tam muselo stav\u011bt od z\u00e1klad\u016f. M\u011blo to v\u0161ak n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch v\u00fdhod:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>starty by se uskute\u010d\u0148ovaly v dostate\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od velk\u00fdch zastav\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>rakety by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dn\u011b odp\u00e1lit nad otev\u0159en\u00fdm mo\u0159em na v\u00fdchod a na sever<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>vyho\u0159el\u00e9 stupn\u011b rakety by bezpe\u010dn\u011b dopadly do oce\u00e1nu<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Satelity by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 snadno vyslat jak na pol\u00e1rn\u00ed, tak na rovn\u00edkovou ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Evropsk\u00fd kosmodrom se nav\u00edc nach\u00e1z\u00ed velmi bl\u00edzko rovn\u00edku. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak efektu \u201epraku\u201c, kter\u00fd je zp\u016fsoben rychlou rotac\u00ed Zem\u011b v oblasti rovn\u00edku. D\u00edky tomu z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161echny rakety vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 v t\u00e9to oblasti bezplatn\u00fd impuls o rychlosti 1 650 km\/h sm\u011brem na v\u00fdchod. D\u00edky tomu se sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed paliva, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed n\u00e9st, a mohou tak vyn\u00e1\u0161et t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed satelity.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the last 30 years, all of Europe\u2019s rockets have been launched from Kourou in South America. Why did Europe choose a spaceport on the other side of the world? 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