{"id":837,"date":"2004-12-02T15:55:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_first_rockets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:50","slug":"the_first_rockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/the_first_rockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00ed rakety"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

V\u0161echno na Zemi \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1s \u2013 je p\u0159itahov\u00e1no gravita\u010dn\u00ed silou. Bez gravitace bychom v\u0161ichni odlet\u011bli do vesm\u00edru. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee Isaac Newton objevil gravitaci, kdy\u017e mu na hlavu spadlo jablko.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Abychom se dostali do vesm\u00edru, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me raketov\u00fd nosi\u010d, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159ekonat p\u0159ita\u017elivost Zem\u011b. \u010cas od \u010dasu se objevuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 n\u00e1pady. V roce 1865 navrhl autor sci-fi rom\u00e1n\u016f Jules Verne, \u017ee by se k vysl\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edc dalo pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 d\u011blo. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se v\u011bdci zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed siln\u00fdch magnet\u016f k vynesen\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 lodi na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n

Rakety existuj\u00ed u\u017e dlouho. Vynalezli je v \u010c\u00edn\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 800 lety. Prvn\u00ed rakety byly velmi jednoduch\u00e9 \u2013 \u0161lo o kartonovou trubici napln\u011bnou st\u0159eln\u00fdm prachem a p\u0159ipevn\u011bnou k vodic\u00ed ty\u010di \u2013 podobn\u011b jako dne\u0161n\u00ed oh\u0148ostroje.<\/p>\n

V roce 1232 \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto \u2018ohniv\u00fdch \u0161\u00edp\u016f\u2019 porazili invazn\u00ed mongolskou arm\u00e1du. Znalosti o v\u00fdrob\u011b raket se brzy roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily na Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod a do Evropy, kde se tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaly jako zbran\u011b. Pozd\u011bji se staly obl\u00edben\u00fdmi i pro velkolep\u00e9 oh\u0148ostroje.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Everything on Earth \u2013 including us \u2013 is held down by the force of gravity. Without gravity, we would all float off into space. It is said that Isaac Newton […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/rockets_fireworks_cartoon2\/17907457-2-eng-GB\/Rockets_fireworks_cartoon.gif","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Rockets_fireworks_cartoon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=837"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1980,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions\/1980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}