{"id":836,"date":"2004-12-02T15:57:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/how_does_a_rocket_work\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:49","slug":"how_does_a_rocket_work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/how_does_a_rocket_work\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje raketa?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

V\u0161imli jste si, co se stane, kdy\u017e z bal\u00f3nku vypust\u00edte vzduch? Vzduch proud\u00ed jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem a bal\u00f3nek se pohybuje opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Rakety funguj\u00ed v podstat\u011b stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. V\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny, kter\u00e9 vystupuj\u00ed z trysky motoru vysokou rychlost\u00ed, tla\u010d\u00ed raketu vp\u0159ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina modern\u00edch nosn\u00fdch raket, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad evropsk\u00e1 Ariane 5, je velmi slo\u017eit\u00e1 a p\u0159i startu v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed stovky tun. V\u011bt\u0161inu t\u00e9to hmotnosti tvo\u0159\u00ed palivo, nap\u0159\u00edklad kapaln\u00fd vod\u00edk a kapaln\u00fd kysl\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Rakety pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed paliva, aby p\u0159ekonaly zemskou gravitaci. Teprve kdy\u017e dos\u00e1hnou rychlosti 28 000 km\/h, let\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b rychle na to, aby se dostaly na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina raket se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou nebo t\u0159\u00ed stup\u0148\u016f. Jakmile jeden stupe\u0148 spot\u0159ebuje ve\u0161ker\u00e9 palivo, odd\u011bl\u00ed se od rakety, aby se zbavila zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. Pot\u00e9 spadne zp\u011bt (obvykle do oce\u00e1nu a daleko od obydlen\u00fdch oblast\u00ed) nebo sho\u0159\u00ed v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00e9 nosn\u00e9 rakety \u010dasto z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00fd tah d\u00edky raket\u00e1m p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00fdm k prvn\u00edmu stupni. Ty mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat pevn\u00e9 nebo kapaln\u00e9 palivo. I ony se obvykle odhod\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Have you noticed what happens if you let the air out of a balloon? The air goes one way and the balloon moves in the opposite direction. Rockets work in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/balloons2\/17894905-2-eng-GB\/balloons.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/balloons2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=836"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1979,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions\/1979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=836"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}