{"id":835,"date":"2004-12-02T15:55:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/rockets_in_war_and_peace\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:49","slug":"rockets_in_war_and_peace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/rockets_in_war_and_peace\/","title":{"rendered":"Rakety ve v\u00e1lce i v m\u00edru"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Prvn\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd navrhl raketu vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed kapaln\u00e1 paliva nam\u00edsto st\u0159eln\u00e9ho prachu, byl rusk\u00fd u\u010ditel jm\u00e9nem Konstantin Ciolkovskij. Ne\u017e do\u0161lo k prvn\u00edmu letu rakety na kapaln\u00e9 palivo, uplynulo v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 let. 16. b\u0159ezna 1926 vystoupala mal\u00e1 raketa, kterou sestrojil Ameri\u010dan Robert Goddard, do v\u00fd\u0161ky 12,4 metru b\u011bhem letu, kter\u00fd trval 2,5 sekundy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech se N\u011bmecko dostalo do \u010dela v\u00fdvoje raket. V\u00fdsledkem byla raketa V-2, kter\u00e1 byla ke konci druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky pou\u017eita k \u00fatok\u016fm na m\u011bsta, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Lond\u00fdn.<\/p>\n

V roce 1945 ode\u0161lo mnoho n\u011bmeck\u00fdch raketov\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f pracovat do Ameriky nebo do Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Pom\u00e1hali tam vyv\u00edjet v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rakety, kter\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt i k pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

Sputnik 1, prvn\u00ed dru\u017eice na sv\u011bt\u011b, byl vypu\u0161t\u011bn sov\u011btskou raketou 4. \u0159\u00edjna 1957. B\u011bhem deseti let vyvinuly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pod veden\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho v\u011bdce Wernhera von Brauna raketu Saturn 5, kter\u00e1 byla schopna dopravit t\u0159i mu\u017ee na M\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Od roku 1979 vyvinula Evropa \u0159adu nosn\u00fdch raket Ariane, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The first person to design a rocket that used liquid fuels instead of gunpowder was a Russian schoolteacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. More than 20 years passed before the first flight […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/03\/dr_robert_h._goddard2\/17865305-3-eng-GB\/Dr_Robert_H._Goddard.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Dr Robert H. Goddard","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/03\/Dr_Robert_H._Goddard2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,41,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-rockets-technology","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=835"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/835\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1978,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/835\/revisions\/1978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=835"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}