{"id":833,"date":"2004-12-02T15:29:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/speech_science_and_spying\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:47","slug":"speech_science_and_spying","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/speech_science_and_spying\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0158e\u010d, v\u011bda a \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 40 let se satelity staly st\u00e1le v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a jsou schopny plnit mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch evropskou raketou Ariane-5 slou\u017e\u00ed k telekomunika\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm \u2013 k p\u0159enosu televizn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu, digit\u00e1ln\u00edho rozhlasov\u00e9ho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, internetu, videa a telefonn\u00edch hovor\u016f. Jejich vlastn\u00edky jsou obvykle velk\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161inu ostatn\u00edch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed vlastn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy a kosmick\u00e9 agentury, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad ESA. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 25 let prolet\u011bly sondy ESA kolem Halleyovy komety, vstoupily na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu kolem M\u011bs\u00edce, Venu\u0161e a Marsu a prozkoum\u00e1valy vzd\u00e1len\u00fd vesm\u00edr. V roce 2005 p\u0159ist\u00e1la sonda Huygens na Titanu, m\u011bs\u00edci Saturnu. V roce 2014 se sonda Rosetta stane prvn\u00ed kosmickou sondou, kter\u00e1 ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem komety a vysad\u00ed na jej\u00ed povrch sondu.<\/p>\n<p>Sonda SOHO a \u010dty\u0159i kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b programu Cluster n\u00e1m uk\u00e1zaly, jak funguje Slunce a jak ovliv\u0148uje na\u0161i planetu. Satelity ERS a Envisat prozkoumali v\u0161echny aspekty Zem\u011b, od ledov\u00fdch \u010depi\u010dek a oce\u00e1n\u016f a\u017e po ozonovou vrstvu a vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 2009 byla zah\u00e1jena nov\u00e1 \u0159ada mis\u00ed Earth Explorer. Satelity jako GOCE, SMOS a Cryosat n\u00e1m pomohou l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt planet\u011b Zemi a tomu, jak lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edrodu. Brzy bude vypu\u0161t\u011bna \u0159ada satelit\u016f Sentinel, jejich\u017e \u00fakolem bude podrobn\u011b zkoumat pevninu i oce\u00e1ny.<br \/>Meteosatov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 dru\u017eice zm\u011bnily n\u00e1\u0161 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot. V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech vypust\u00ed Evropa \u2018konstelaci\u2019 30 dru\u017eic s n\u00e1zvem Galileo, kter\u00e1 bude slou\u017eit k navigaci a p\u0159esn\u00e9mu ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed polohy kdekoli na Zemi.<br \/>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, Rusko a n\u011bkter\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b rovn\u011b\u017e provozuj\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 satelity. Ty jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ozbrojen\u00fdmi silami k komunikaci, varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed odp\u00e1len\u00edm raket a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pohyb\u016f nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch sil.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Over the last 40 years, satellites have become increasingly powerful and able to perform many different roles. Most of the spacecraft launched by Europe\u2019s Ariane-5 rocket are used for telecommunications [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/10\/soho_image_28_october_20032\/17904083-2-eng-GB\/SOHO_image_28_October_2003.jpg","esa_banner_description":"SOHO image, 28 October 2003","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/10\/SOHO_image_28_October_20032","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=833"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1976,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/833\/revisions\/1976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=833"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=833"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=833"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=833"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=833"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=833"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=833"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}