{"id":823,"date":"2004-12-09T15:52:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-09T14:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/space_velocity\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:41","slug":"space_velocity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/space_velocity\/","title":{"rendered":"Prostorov\u00e1 rychlost"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u011blesa, kter\u00e1 ob\u00edhaj\u00ed kolem planety, se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed satelity. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fapln\u00fd ob\u011bh satelitu kolem planety se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Na\u0161e Zem\u011b m\u00e1 jeden p\u0159irozen\u00fd satelit \u2013 M\u011bs\u00edc. Od \u0159\u00edjna 1957 v\u0161ak bylo na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy kolem Zem\u011b vypu\u0161t\u011bno mnoho tis\u00edc um\u011bl\u00fdch (\u010dlov\u011bkem vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch) satelit\u016f.<\/p>\n

Aby se satelit udr\u017eel na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze, mus\u00ed se pohybovat velmi vysokou rychlost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u00fd\u0161ce. Pro kruhovou ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 300 km nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem je tedy obvykle zapot\u0159eb\u00ed rychlost 7,8 km\/s (28 000 km\/h). P\u0159i t\u00e9to rychlosti satelit oblet\u00ed Zemi jednou za 90 minut.<\/p>\n

Satelity se mus\u00ed pohybovat tak rychle, aby vyrovnaly p\u016fsoben\u00ed zemsk\u00e9 gravitace. Je to podobn\u00e9 jako kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo hod\u00ed kriketov\u00fd nebo baseballov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010dek. \u010c\u00edm siln\u011bji se m\u00ed\u010dek hod\u00ed, t\u00edm d\u00e1l dolet\u00ed, ne\u017e dopadne na zem.<\/p>\n

Kdyby hr\u00e1\u010d dok\u00e1zal m\u00ed\u010d hodit dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u011b, aby dos\u00e1hl pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 rychlosti, m\u00ed\u010d by se dostal na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu. Nikdy by se nevr\u00e1til zp\u011bt na Zemi. Hod\u00edme-li jej je\u0161t\u011b siln\u011bji, tak aby dos\u00e1hl rychlosti 11,2 km\/s (40 300 km\/h) \u2013 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u2018\u00fanikov\u00e1 rychlost\u2019 \u2013 m\u00ed\u010d opust\u00ed Zemi \u00fapln\u011b. Stane se pak \u2018satelitem\u2019 Slunce.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Objects that travel around a planet are called satellites. Each complete journey a satellite makes around the planet is called an orbit. Our Earth has one natural satellite \u2013 the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/12\/newton_s_cannon2\/17886950-2-eng-GB\/Newton_s_cannon.gif","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/12\/Newton_s_cannon2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=823"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1966,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823\/revisions\/1966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}