{"id":822,"date":"2004-12-02T15:38:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/different_orbits\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:40","slug":"different_orbits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/different_orbits\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u016fzn\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha je dr\u00e1ha, po kter\u00e9 se t\u011bleso pohybuje kolem ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bodu ve vesm\u00edru, nap\u0159\u00edklad dr\u00e1ha, po kter\u00e9 se M\u011bs\u00edc pohybuje kolem Zem\u011b. Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy jsou ur\u010dov\u00e1ny gravitac\u00ed a \u010dasto maj\u00ed \u2018eliptick\u00fd\u2019 tvar, tedy tvar ov\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 dru\u017eice je um\u00edst\u011bna na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu, kter\u00e1 je pro pln\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00edho \u00fakolu nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad dru\u017eice pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Zem\u011b jsou obvykle um\u00edst\u011bny na n\u00edzk\u00e9 (400\u20131 200 km) kruhov\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. To jim umo\u017e\u0148uje oblet\u011bt Zemi jednou za n\u011bkolik hodin a po\u0159izovat detailn\u00ed sn\u00edmky povrchu planety.<\/p>\n

Nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dr\u00e1hou pro tyto satelity je \u201cpol\u00e1rn\u00ed\u201d ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha, kter\u00e1 je vede nad severn\u00edm a ji\u017en\u00edm p\u00f3lem. Zat\u00edmco se Zem\u011b pod nimi ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed, mohou satelity sledovat p\u0159\u00edmo dol\u016f a b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u016f prozkoumat celou planetu \u2013 p\u00e1s po p\u00e1su.<\/p>\n

Meteorologick\u00e9 a komunika\u010dn\u00ed satelity \u010dasto \u201cvzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed se\u201d nad stejnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Zem\u011b 24 hodin denn\u011b. To je mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edky jejich um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed na kruhov\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy ve v\u00fd\u0161ce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 36 000 km nad rovn\u00edkem. V t\u00e9to v\u00fd\u0161ce dr\u017e\u00ed krok s rotac\u00ed Zem\u011b, tak\u017ee v\u017edy sleduj\u00ed stejn\u00e1 m\u00edsta. Tomuto jevu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201cgeostacion\u00e1rn\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha\u201d. N\u011bkter\u00e9 satelity \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanice \u2013 ob\u00edhaj\u00ed po n\u00edzk\u00fdch ob\u011b\u017en\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u016f\u010di rovn\u00edku naklon\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u0158ada v\u011bdeck\u00fdch dru\u017eic, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Cluster a XMM-Newton agentury ESA, ob\u00edh\u00e1 po velmi eliptick\u00fdch (vej\u010dit\u00fdch) drah\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed bl\u00edzko k Zemi a pot\u00e9 je zase odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed daleko pry\u010d.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An orbit is the path of an object around a particular point in space, for example the path the Moon takes around the Earth. Orbits are determined by gravity, and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/05\/some_popular_orbits3\/17864898-3-eng-GB\/Some_popular_orbits.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Some popular orbits","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/05\/Some_popular_orbits3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=822"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1965,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions\/1965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=822"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}