{"id":820,"date":"2004-12-02T15:35:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-02T14:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/gravity_assists\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:39","slug":"gravity_assists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/gravity_assists\/","title":{"rendered":"Gravita\u010dn\u00ed man\u00e9vry"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Jak v\u00edte, auto m\u00e1 tendenci zpomalovat p\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b do kopce a zrychlovat p\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b z kopce. D\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee auto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u2018gravita\u010dn\u00ed pomoc\u2019, proto\u017ee zemsk\u00e1 gravitace mu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zpomalit nebo zrychlit. Stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem m\u016f\u017ee i kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f z\u00edskat \u201ezdarma j\u00edzdu\u201c, ani\u017e by spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vala drahocenn\u00e9 palivo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

K gravita\u010dn\u00edmu man\u00e9vru doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f prolet\u00ed kolem planety nebo velk\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce. D\u00edky tomu na ni p\u016fsob\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edla planety a zm\u011bn\u00ed se jej\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f zrychluje, jindy zpomaluje \u2013 podle toho, zda prolet\u00ed za planetou, nebo p\u0159ed n\u00ed. Gravita\u010dn\u00ed man\u00e9vr tak\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011br, kter\u00fdm se kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f pohybuje.<\/p>\n

Jedna z nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch gravita\u010dn\u00edch man\u00e9vr\u016f byla vyu\u017eita p\u0159i misi Ulysses agentury ESA. P\u0159i pr\u016fletu nad severn\u00edm p\u00f3lem Jupiteru byla sonda Ulysses vymr\u0161t\u011bna na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu, kter\u00e1 ji zavedla nad p\u00f3ly Slunce.<\/p>\n

Mise Cassini-Huygens vyu\u017eila na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b k Saturnu \u010dty\u0159i gravita\u010dn\u00ed man\u00e9vry (jeden u Zem\u011b, dva u Venu\u0161e a jeden u Jupitera).<\/p>\n

Gravitace hr\u00e1la d\u016fle\u017eitou roli tak\u00e9 v misi SMART-1 agentury ESA. Pot\u00e9, co se sonda po dobu 14 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f vzdalovala od Zem\u011b po spir\u00e1lov\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze, za\u010dala poci\u0165ovat gravita\u010dn\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce. V listopadu 2004 byla sonda SMART-1 zachycena gravita\u010dn\u00edm polem M\u011bs\u00edce a vstoupila na jeho ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As you know, a car tends to slow down when it goes up a mountain and to accelerate when it is going downhill. One can say that the car is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/08\/ulysses_and_the_heliosphere2\/17889541-2-eng-GB\/Ulysses_and_the_heliosphere.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Ulysses and the heliosphere","esa_banner_credit":"ESA (image by D. Hardy)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/08\/Ulysses_and_the_heliosphere2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,65,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-mission-control","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=820"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1963,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820\/revisions\/1963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=820"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}