{"id":805,"date":"2011-07-05T08:12:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T06:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/communications\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:27","slug":"communications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/communications\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunikace"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Fanou\u0161ci televizn\u00edho seri\u00e1lu z 60. let Star Trek<\/i> byli ohromeni, kdy\u017e vid\u011bli, jak kapit\u00e1n Kirk rozklopil mal\u00fd ru\u010dn\u00ed telefon, aby promluvil s pos\u00e1dkou sv\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 lodi. Dnes u\u017e mobiln\u00ed telefony nejsou sci-fi. A\u0165 u\u017e se na Zemi vyd\u00e1te kamkoli, od pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblast\u00ed a\u017e po st\u0159ed oce\u00e1nu, m\u016f\u017eete z\u016fstat v kontaktu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm telefonu. S nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi modely je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 pos\u00edlat e-maily a vyhled\u00e1vat na internetu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tuto revoluci v oblasti komunikac\u00ed umo\u017enilo zaveden\u00ed satelitn\u00ed technologie. A\u017e do poloviny 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed se telefonn\u00ed hovory p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely pomoc\u00ed pozemn\u00edch r\u00e1diov\u00fdch spoj\u016f a kabel\u016f. Po\u010det hovor\u016f, kter\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zpracovat, v\u0161ak byl omezen\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 se objevily prvn\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed satelity. Satelity ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed na geostacion\u00e1rn\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 36 000 km nad rovn\u00edkem, dok\u00e1zaly fungovat bez n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b vys\u00edla\u010d\u016f a kabel\u016f. Mohly snadno propojit volaj\u00edc\u00ed na obou stran\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nu \u010di poho\u0159\u00ed. Satelit Early Bird, vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd v roce 1965, dok\u00e1zal sou\u010dasn\u011b zpracovat 240 telefonn\u00edch hovor\u016f. Dnes dok\u00e1\u017ee velk\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed satelit zpracovat stovky tis\u00edc telefonn\u00edch hovor\u016f.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech do\u0161lo k dal\u0161\u00ed revoluci, a to d\u00edky zaveden\u00ed flotil mal\u00fdch satelit\u016f na n\u00edzk\u00fdch nebo st\u0159edn\u00edch ob\u011b\u017en\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch Zem\u011b. Jeliko\u017e des\u00edtky z nich ob\u00edhaj\u00ed po r\u016fzn\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch, nad obzorem se v\u017edy nach\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolik satelit\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159ij\u00edmat hovory z mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd hovor je pot\u00e9 odesl\u00e1n na pozemn\u00ed \u2018br\u00e1novou\u2019 stanici, kter\u00e1 jej p\u0159ed\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjemci. Tyto satelity se tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k osobn\u00edmu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v a lokalizaci v nouzov\u00fdch situac\u00edch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fans of the 1960s TV series Star Trek were amazed when they saw Captain Kirk flip open a tiny hand-help phone to speak to the crew of his starship. Today, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/10\/hylas-1_serving_europe2\/17876924-2-eng-GB\/Hylas-1_serving_Europe.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/10\/Hylas-1_serving_Europe2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=805"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1948,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions\/1948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=805"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}