{"id":795,"date":"2011-07-19T08:15:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-19T06:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/shuttle_era_ends_after_30_years\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:20","slug":"shuttle_era_ends_after_30_years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/shuttle_era_ends_after_30_years\/","title":{"rendered":"Po 30 letech kon\u010d\u00ed \u00e9ra raketopl\u00e1n\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>135. a z\u00e1rove\u0148 posledn\u00ed mise raketopl\u00e1nu odstartovala 8. \u010dervence z Floridy a na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrnou stanici (ISS) dopravila \u010dty\u0159i astronauty. Start t\u00e9to historick\u00e9 mise sledovalo v\u00edce ne\u017e 750 000 lid\u00ed. Po n\u00e1vratu Atlantisu bude tento jedin\u00fd opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00fd kosmick\u00fd apar\u00e1t na sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn do muze\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>30 let po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed \u00e9ry raketopl\u00e1n\u016f ji\u017e Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nebudou schopny dopravovat sv\u00e9 astronauty do vesm\u00edru. N\u011bkolik soukrom\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed ji\u017e zah\u00e1jilo v\u00fdvoj kapsl\u00ed a raket, kter\u00e9 budou schopny dopravovat pos\u00e1dky na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrnou stanici (ISS). Je v\u0161ak nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by byly uvedeny do provozu d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e v roce 2015. V dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu USA pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed vybudovat novou v\u00fdkonnou raketu, kter\u00e1 bude schopna dopravit velkou kosmickou lo\u010f s pos\u00e1dkou na ISS i d\u00e1le \u2013 podobn\u011b jako kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f Apollo, kter\u00e1 dopravila \u010dlov\u011bka na M\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2333\" data-credit=\"ESA - S. Corvaja, 2011\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Soyuz2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/soyuz2\/17885101-2-eng-GB\/Soyuz.jpg\" alt=\"Soyuz\"><figcaption>Sojuz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, Evropa a v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch zem\u00ed se mezit\u00edm budou p\u0159i p\u0159eprav\u011b sv\u00fdch astronaut\u016f na stanici a zp\u011bt spol\u00e9hat na ruskou kosmickou lo\u010f Sojuz. Sojuz absolvoval sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed let v roce 1967. Od t\u00e9 doby pro\u0161el mnoha modernizacemi, ale celkov\u00e1 konstrukce z\u016fstala stejn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem startu z kosmodromu Bajkonur v Kazachst\u00e1nu sed\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed\u010dlenn\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka v mal\u00e9 kabin\u011b. Po dosa\u017een\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy se mohou p\u0159esunout do druh\u00e9ho modulu. Servisn\u00ed modul v zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti nese hlavn\u00ed motor, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9my a z\u00e1sobu kysl\u00edku. Na Zemi se vrac\u00ed pouze kabina s pos\u00e1dkou, zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e1 pod velk\u00fdm pad\u00e1kem.<\/p>\n<p>Jedinou dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je schopn\u00e1 vys\u00edlat lidi do vesm\u00edru, je \u010c\u00edna. V\u00fdvoj \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 lodi \u0160en-\u010dou, jej\u00ed\u017e konstrukce je velmi podobn\u00e1 lodi Sojuz, byl zah\u00e1jen v 90. letech. Od t\u00e9 doby \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky t\u0159ikr\u00e1t let\u011bly na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Zem\u011b. Je\u0161t\u011b v tomto roce by se m\u011bla lo\u010f \u201eShenzhou\u201c spojit s nov\u00fdm bezpilotn\u00edm modulem zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako \u201eTiangong\u201c. V del\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu maj\u00ed pl\u00e1ny st\u00e1t se kosmick\u00fdmi velmocemi tak\u00e9 Indie a \u00cdr\u00e1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 135th and final Shuttle mission blasted off from Florida on 8 July, carrying four astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS). More than 750,000 people watched the start of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/07\/last_space_shuttle_mission_launch6\/17906126-2-eng-GB\/Last_Space_Shuttle_mission_launch.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Last Space Shuttle mission launch","esa_banner_credit":"NASA\/Fletcher Hildreth","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/07\/Last_Space_Shuttle_mission_launch6","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=795"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/795\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4689,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/795\/revisions\/4689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=795"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}