{"id":787,"date":"2011-04-11T10:02:00","date_gmt":"2011-04-11T08:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/have_you_come_from_outer_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:32:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:32:15","slug":"have_you_come_from_outer_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/have_you_come_from_outer_space\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cP\u0159i\u0161el jsi z vesm\u00edru?\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Dne 12. dubna 1961 v 10:55 dopoledne se mu\u017e v oran\u017eov\u00e9m leteck\u00e9m obleku a b\u00edl\u00e9 p\u0159ilb\u011b sn\u00e1\u0161el na Zemi pod velk\u00fdm pad\u00e1kem. Jeho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed na travnat\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch st\u0159edn\u00edho Ruska sledovala pouze kr\u00e1va a dva ohromen\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci. Pan\u00ed Anna Takhtarov\u00e1 p\u0159istoupila k nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu mu\u017ei a vykoktala: \u201cP\u0159i\u0161el jste z vesm\u00edru?\u201d Jurij Gagarin triumf\u00e1ln\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201cAno. V\u011b\u0159ila byste tomu? Opravdu jsem p\u0159i\u0161el!\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mlad\u00fd mu\u017e, kter\u00fd toho dne vstoupil do d\u011bjin, se narodil v jedn\u00e9 vesnici na z\u00e1pad\u011b Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Jeho otec byl tesa\u0159 a \u010dasy byly t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. Pot\u00e9, co se jeho rodina p\u0159est\u011bhovala do nedalek\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, nastoupil Jurij na vysokou \u0161kolu a pracoval v kovoz\u00e1vod\u011b. Tak\u00e9 se stal \u010dlenem leteck\u00e9ho klubu a nau\u010dil se l\u00e9tat s lehk\u00fdmi letadly. Brzy vstoupil do letectva a za\u010dal l\u00e9tat na proudov\u00fdch letadlech. Na ja\u0159e roku 1960 byl p\u0159ijat do skupiny dvaceti pilot\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli b\u00fdt vycvi\u010deni jako budouc\u00ed kosmonauti.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"999\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/03\/Vostok_1_s_reentry_capsule_after_landing2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/03\/vostok_1_s_reentry_capsule_after_landing2\/17902308-2-eng-GB\/Vostok_1_s_reentry_capsule_after_landing.jpg\" alt=\"Vostok 1&#x27;s reentry capsule after landing\"><figcaption>N\u00e1vratov\u00e1 kapsle lodi Vostok 1 po p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Po roce intenzivn\u00edho v\u00fdcviku bylo 27let\u00e9mu poru\u010d\u00edkovi letectva sd\u011bleno, \u017ee se stane prvn\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd polet\u00ed do vesm\u00edru. Okam\u017eik pravdy nastal o \u010dty\u0159i dny pozd\u011bji, kdy\u017e vlezl do kulovit\u00e9 kapsle Vostok um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na vrcholu mohutn\u00e9 rakety. Div\u00e1ci zadr\u017eeli dech, kdy\u017e se zap\u00e1lily motory a raketa zmizela za v\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem. \u201cVid\u00edm Zemi! Je tak kr\u00e1sn\u00e1!\u201d zvolal prvn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00fd cestovatel na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>78 minut po startu se zap\u00e1lily motory lodi Vostok a kapsle byla navedena zp\u011bt do atmosf\u00e9ry. Gagarin se katapultoval ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 6 km a svou neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou cestu zakon\u010dil pod vlaj\u00edc\u00edm pad\u00e1kem.<\/p>\n<p>Mlad\u00fd hrdina se proslavil po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ale do vesm\u00edru u\u017e nikdy nelet\u011bl. Gagarin zahynul p\u0159i hav\u00e1rii sv\u00e9ho letadla b\u011bhem rutinn\u00edho cvi\u010dn\u00e9ho letu 27. b\u0159ezna 1968. V jeho stop\u00e1ch se vydalo v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 lid\u00ed z mnoha zem\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed start k Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici se uskute\u010dnil ze stejn\u00e9 odpalovac\u00ed rampy jako Gagarin\u016fv slavn\u00fd let. Na boku rakety byl namalov\u00e1n obr\u00e1zek prvn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd oblet\u011bl Zemi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At 10.55 am on the morning of 12 April 1961, a man wearing an orange flight suit and a white helmet drifted towards Earth under a large parachute. His landing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/03\/yuri_gagarin8\/17877886-2-eng-GB\/Yuri_Gagarin.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Yuri Gagarin","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/03\/Yuri_Gagarin8","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=787"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4684,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787\/revisions\/4684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=787"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=787"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=787"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=787"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=787"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=787"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=787"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}