{"id":745,"date":"2004-12-09T14:59:00","date_gmt":"2004-12-09T13:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/shake_rattle_and_roll\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:49","slug":"shake_rattle_and_roll","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/shake_rattle_and_roll\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159es, rachot a j\u00edzda"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Vesm\u00edr je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat extr\u00e9mn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, magnetick\u00fdm pol\u00edm, meteorit\u016fm, \u00falomk\u016fm z jin\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed a absenci vzduchu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u00fdroba a vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed jsou n\u00e1kladn\u00e9, chceme, aby vydr\u017eely co nejd\u00e9le. Maj\u00ed-li satelity ve vesm\u00edru vydr\u017eet mnoho let, mus\u00ed na Zemi podstoupit (a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b absolvovat!) \u0159adu test\u016f.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou, kterou mus\u00ed satelity p\u0159ekonat, je siln\u00fd hluk a ot\u0159esy b\u011bhem startu rakety. To se testuje tak, \u017ee se satelitem ot\u0159\u00e1s\u00e1 a vystavuje se ho hlasit\u00e9mu zvuku vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu z obrovsk\u00fdch reproduktor\u016f uvnit\u0159 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed komory.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fdm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, kter\u00e9mu mus\u00ed satelity ve vesm\u00edru \u010delit, je odol\u00e1n\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m \u2013 jak vysok\u00fdm, tak n\u00edzk\u00fdm. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm se simuluje v bezvzduchov\u00e9 komo\u0159e vybaven\u00e9 v\u00fdkonn\u00fdmi lampami a zrcadly. Velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty se dosahuj\u00ed \u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm kapaln\u00e9ho dus\u00edku potrub\u00edm ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch komory.<\/p>\n

Aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, je satelit um\u00edst\u011bn do siln\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho pole, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit elektrick\u00e9 poruchy. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de b\u011bhem t\u011bchto zkou\u0161ek neust\u00e1le sleduj\u00ed v\u0161e, co se na kosmick\u00e9 lodi d\u011bje.<\/p>\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00edce ne\u017e jednoho roku se ka\u017ed\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st kosmick\u00e9 lodi podrobuje opakovan\u00fdm test\u016fm. Po sestaven\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 lodi se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed testy. Teprve tehdy budou in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee jejich \u201ed\u00edt\u011b\u201c bude na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Outer space is extremely hostile. Spacecraft have to survive extremes of hot and cold, radiation, magnetic fields, meteorites, debris from other spacecraft and lack of air. Since spacecraft are expensive […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/06\/gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber2\/17893611-2-eng-GB\/Gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Gaia antenna in test chamber","esa_banner_credit":"Astrium\u2013A. Martin, 2012","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/06\/Gaia_antenna_in_test_chamber2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=745"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1888,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions\/1888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}