{"id":714,"date":"2012-11-07T10:12:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-07T09:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:27","slug":"from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/from_rocket_fuel_to_clean_cars\/","title":{"rendered":"Od raketov\u00e9ho paliva po ekologick\u00e1 auta"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Vod\u00edk, nejleh\u010d\u00ed ze v\u0161ech plyn\u016f, je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prvkem ve vesm\u00edru. V p\u0159\u00edtomnosti kysl\u00edku ho\u0159\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b snadno. Vod\u00edk, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v evropsk\u00fdch nosn\u00fdch raket\u00e1ch Ariane 5, je vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm raketov\u00fdm palivem, ale jeho skladov\u00e1n\u00ed je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n v dvojst\u011bnn\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a do raketov\u00fdch motor\u016f je pak p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u011bsn\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00fdch potrub\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pokroky rakousk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee vod\u00edk by se mohl st\u00e1t preferovan\u00fdm palivem i pro budouc\u00ed silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu a vy\u0159e\u0161it tak probl\u00e9m, jak vyrobit ekologick\u00e1 auta. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s n\u011bmeck\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcem automobil\u016f BMW tato spole\u010dnost p\u0159izp\u016fsobila raketovou technologii k v\u00fdvoji n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na vod\u00edk, kter\u00e9 jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b mal\u00e9, aby se ve\u0161ly do zavazadlov\u00e9ho prostoru sedanu. V roce 2007 to vedlo ke vzniku s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho vozu BMW Hydrogen 7, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee jako palivo vyu\u017e\u00edvat bu\u010f vod\u00edk, nebo benz\u00edn. V podstat\u011b jedin\u00fdm emisn\u00edm odpadem z tohoto vozu je ne\u0161kodn\u00e1 vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra!<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"Magna Steyr Aerospace\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/10\/Hydrogen_car_fuel_tank2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/10\/hydrogen_car_fuel_tank2\/18250360-2-eng-GB\/Hydrogen_car_fuel_tank.jpg\" alt=\"Hydrogen car fuel tank\"><figcaption>Palivov\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e vod\u00edkov\u00e9ho automobilu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Jednou z hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdzev bylo navr\u017een\u00ed palivov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Aby mohl b\u00fdt vod\u00edk skladov\u00e1n v kapaln\u00e9m stavu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt udr\u017eov\u00e1n p\u0159i teplot\u011b \u2013253 \u00b0C. Nam\u00edsto neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed vozy BMW Hydrogen 7 114 litr\u016f kapaln\u00e9ho vod\u00edku ve vysoce izolovan\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch. Izolace n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 17 m siln\u00e9 vrstv\u011b polystyrenu, dok\u00e1\u017ee udr\u017eet vod\u00edk v chladu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dva t\u00fddny.<\/p>\n<p>Ne\u017e se automobily na vod\u00edkov\u00fd pohon stanou b\u011b\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, je t\u0159eba p\u0159ekonat je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z nich je nedostatek \u010derpac\u00edch stanic. Dal\u0161\u00edm je \u00fanik kapaln\u00e9ho vod\u00edku, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i oteplen\u00ed pomalu vypa\u0159uje do plynn\u00e9ho stavu. \u0158idi\u010d, kter\u00fd by nap\u0159\u00edklad nechal auto na dva t\u00fddny na leti\u0161ti, by se vr\u00e1til k pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 palivov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ei. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9 n\u00e1znaky, \u017ee ekologick\u00e1 vozidla poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 vod\u00edkem p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed budoucnost bezemisn\u00ed automobilov\u00e9 dopravy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydrogen, the lightest of all gases, is the most common element in the Universe. It is extremely easy to burn, if oxygen is present. Used in Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 launchers, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/10\/liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine2\/17879995-2-eng-GB\/Liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Liquid hydrogen-powered combustion engine","esa_banner_credit":"BMW\/Magna Steyr Aerospace","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/10\/Liquid_hydrogen-powered_combustion_engine2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,54,40],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-technologies-on-earth","category-technology"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=714"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4644,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/714\/revisions\/4644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=714"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}