{"id":694,"date":"2012-11-30T14:15:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-30T13:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/europe_s_comet_explorers\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:31:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:31:13","slug":"europe_s_comet_explorers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/europe_s_comet_explorers\/","title":{"rendered":"Evrop\u0161t\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00edci komet"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>13. b\u0159ezna 1986 zaslala sonda Giotto Evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 agentury (ESA) sn\u00edmky \u010dern\u00e9ho objektu ve tvaru brambory, z n\u011bho\u017e do vesm\u00edru tryskaly jasn\u00e9 proudy hmoty. Bylo to poprv\u00e9, co n\u011bkdo spat\u0159il pevn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro v srdci komety.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>C\u00edlem sondy Giotto byla Halleyova kometa, pojmenovan\u00e1 po britsk\u00e9m astronomovi ze 17. stolet\u00ed, Edmondu Halleyovi. Byl to pr\u00e1v\u011b on, kdo jako prvn\u00ed zjistil, \u017ee tato jasn\u00e1 kometa je pravideln\u00fdm n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edkem a do vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy se vrac\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdch 75\u201376 let. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva na na\u0161\u00ed obloze je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1na na rok 2061.<\/p>\n<p>Halleyova kometa je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z milion\u016f komet, kter\u00e9 ob\u00edhaj\u00ed kolem Slunce. I kdy\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v temnot\u011b vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, Halleyova kometa st\u00e1le ovliv\u0148uje na\u0161i planetu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159\u00edjen proch\u00e1z\u00ed Zem\u011b proudem jemn\u00e9ho prachu, kter\u00fd za sebou kometa zanechala, a t\u00edm vznik\u00e1 meteorick\u00fd roj Orionidy. Halleyova kometa je tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1na za p\u016fvodce meteorick\u00e9ho roje Eta Aquarid, kter\u00fd se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b objevuje v kv\u011btnu. Tyto meteory, \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 \u201cpadaj\u00edc\u00ed hv\u011bzdy\u201d, jsou jasn\u00e9 stopy zanechan\u00e9 drobn\u00fdmi, rychle se pohybuj\u00edc\u00edmi \u00falomky komety, kter\u00e9 sho\u0159\u00ed v zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"ESA, image by AOES Medialab\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/05\/Rosetta_orbiting_Comet_67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/rosetta_orbiting_comet_67p_churyumov-gerasimenko2\/18245884-2-eng-GB\/Rosetta_orbiting_Comet_67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko.jpg\" alt=\"Rosetta orbiting Comet 67P\/Churyumov-Gerasimenko\"><figcaption>Sonda Rosetta ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed kolem komety 67P\/\u010curjumov\u2013Gerasimenko<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Od doby pozoruhodn\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu sondy Giotto byly dal\u0161\u00ed komety zkoum\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed kosmick\u00fdch sond. Nejambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mis\u00ed je v\u0161ak sonda Rosetta Evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 agentury (ESA), kter\u00e1 se vydala na cestu za kometou \u010curjumov-Gerasimenko a doraz\u00ed k n\u00ed v roce 2014. Rosetta bude ob\u00edhat kolem j\u00e1dra komety a podrobn\u011b zkoumat zm\u011bny, ke kter\u00fdm doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i jeho oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Sluncem. Vypust\u00ed tak\u00e9 malou sondu jm\u00e9nem Philae, kter\u00e1 provede prvn\u00ed m\u011bkk\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed na komet\u011b!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 13 March 1986, ESA\u2019s Giotto spacecraft sent back pictures of a black, potato-shaped object that was blasting bright jets of material into space. It was the first time that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2012\/11\/comet_halley_close_up3\/17877183-2-eng-GB\/Comet_Halley_close_up.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Comet Halley close up","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/MPS","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/11\/Comet_Halley_close_up3","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[46,10,11],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comets-and-meteors","category-learn","category-our-universe"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=694"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4631,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/694\/revisions\/4631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=694"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}