{"id":667,"date":"2011-07-05T08:31:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T06:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/spacewalks\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:56","slug":"spacewalks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/spacewalks\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdstupy do vesm\u00edru"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee se proch\u00e1z\u00edte ve vesm\u00edru a ob\u00edh\u00e1te Zemi rychlost\u00ed p\u0159es 27 000 km\/h! Pr\u00e1v\u011b to za\u017eily stovky astronaut\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdstupech do vesm\u00edru za posledn\u00edch 50 let. V\u00fdstupy do vesm\u00edru (ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako mimoplavidlov\u00e1 \u010dinnost, EVA) jsou nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u00e1ce ve vesm\u00edru. Slou\u017e\u00ed k instalaci nov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed a experiment\u016f a k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed oprav. Od roku 1998 bylo k v\u00fdstavb\u011b a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanice zapot\u0159eb\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 000 hodin v\u00fdstup\u016f do vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Astronauti prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdstupy do vesm\u00edru nos\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 skafandry, kdy\u017e vstupuj\u00ed do bezvzduchov\u00e9ho vakua vesm\u00edru. Tyto skafandry se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch vrstev, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed t\u011blesnou teplotu nositele na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u00farovni, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed mu d\u00fdchat a chr\u00e1n\u00ed ho p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. Tlak kysl\u00edku uvnit\u0159 skafandr\u016f je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici. Astronauti proto mus\u00ed str\u00e1vit asi \u010dty\u0159i hodiny d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm kysl\u00edku v p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 komo\u0159e, ne\u017e mohou vystoupit ven.<\/p>\n

Na ISS jsou ulo\u017eeny dva r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy tlakov\u00fdch oblek\u016f. Americk\u00fd oblek se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed: z pevn\u00e9 horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti trupu a pru\u017en\u00e9 spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti trupu. Tyto \u010d\u00e1sti se spojuj\u00ed v pase. Astronaut si nejprve navl\u00e9kne nohavice a pot\u00e9 vlo\u017e\u00ed pa\u017ee a horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla do horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti obleku. Rusk\u00fd skafandr m\u00e1 tuhou horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st s zadn\u00edmi dv\u00ed\u0159ky, v nich\u017e je tak\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn syst\u00e9m podpory \u017eivota. D\u00edky tomu se d\u00e1 snadn\u011bji obl\u00e9knout jednou rukou. Oba skafandry maj\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 rukavice a p\u0159ilby.<\/p>\n

Kosmonauti jsou \u010dasto p\u0159epravov\u00e1ni z m\u00edsta na m\u00edsto na konci robotick\u00e9ho ramene. K jejich pohybu slou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed madla. Aby neodpluli a neztratili se ve vesm\u00edru, jsou ke stanici p\u0159ipout\u00e1ni tenk\u00fdmi lany. Vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 proch\u00e1zky mohou trvat mnoho hodin. Rekord dr\u017e\u00ed Susan Helmsov\u00e1 a James Voss, kte\u0159\u00ed v b\u0159eznu 2001 str\u00e1vili ve vesm\u00edru t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 9 hodin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Imagine walking in space and flying around the Earth at more than 27,000 km\/h! This is what hundreds of spacewalkers have experienced in the last 50 years. Spacewalks (officially known […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/10\/esa_astronaut_christer_fuglesang2\/17910714-2-eng-GB\/ESA_astronaut_Christer_Fuglesang.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/10\/ESA_astronaut_Christer_Fuglesang2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,13,63],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-life-in-space","category-living-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=667"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1810,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/667\/revisions\/1810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=667"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=667"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=667"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=667"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=667"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=667"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=667"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}