{"id":637,"date":"2013-10-16T09:57:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T07:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:34","slug":"herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/herschel_esa_s_supercool_heat_seeker\/","title":{"rendered":"Herschel: Superchladn\u00fd \u201elovec tepla\u201c agentury ESA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>14. kv\u011btna 2009 byly z Kourou ve Francouzsk\u00e9 Guyan\u011b vypu\u0161t\u011bny dv\u011b z nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch observato\u0159\u00ed, jak\u00e9 kdy byly postaveny. Na palub\u011b evropsk\u00e9 rakety Ariane 5 se nach\u00e1zel Herschel, nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled na sv\u011bt\u011b s tepeln\u00fdm senzorem, a Planck, kter\u00fd byl navr\u017een ke studiu slab\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, j\u00edm\u017e byl vesm\u00edr napln\u011bn bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po Velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>V\u0161echno na vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 observato\u0159i Herschel agentury ESA bylo obrovsk\u00e9. Satelit byl vysok\u00fd p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7 metr\u016f a \u0161irok\u00fd 4,3 metru, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jeho hmotnost \u010dinila 3,25 tuny. Jeho dalekohled m\u011bl hlavn\u00ed zrcadlo o pr\u016fm\u011bru 3,5 metru, co\u017e bylo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zrcadlo, jak\u00e9 kdy bylo pro v\u011bdeckou kosmickou lo\u010f vyrobeno.<\/p>\n<p>Observato\u0159 byla pojmenov\u00e1na po dal\u0161\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00e9m velik\u00e1novi, n\u011bmeck\u00e9m amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9m astronomovi a hudebn\u00edkovi Williamu Herschelovi, kter\u00fd v roce 1781 objevil planetu Uran. O 19 let pozd\u011bji objevil tak\u00e9 druh neviditeln\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdci ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako \u201cinfra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed\u201d. \u010casto mu prost\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me \u201cteplo\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1500\" data-credit=\"ESA\/Herschel\/PACS\/SPIRE\/J.Fritz, U.Gent\/XMM-Newton\/EPIC\/W. Pietsch, MPE\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/01\/Andromeda_Galaxy_in_infrared_and_X-rays2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/01\/andromeda_galaxy_in_infrared_and_x-rays2\/17912481-2-eng-GB\/Andromeda_Galaxy_in_infrared_and_X-rays.jpg\" alt=\"Andromeda Galaxy in infrared and X-rays\"><\/figure>\n<p>Observato\u0159 Herschel byla vysl\u00e1na na speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 1,5 milionu kilometr\u016f, co\u017e je dostate\u010dn\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost k tomu, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo probl\u00e9m\u016fm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm teplem ze Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 by ru\u0161ilo pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jej\u00ed t\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstroje byly chlazeny kapaln\u00fdm h\u00e9liem, tak\u017ee jejich teplota se bl\u00ed\u017eila absolutn\u00ed nule (-273 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n<p>Satelit Herschel slou\u017eil ke studiu \u2018studen\u00e9ho\u2019 vesm\u00edru. Jeho \u2018o\u010di\u2019 s mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b n\u00edzkou teplotou dok\u00e1zaly nahl\u00e9dnout skrz prachov\u00e9 mraky, aby prozkoum\u00e1valy oblasti vzniku hv\u011bzd a centra galaxi\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 odhalovaly skryt\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy a planety. Byl rovn\u011b\u017e schopen vyhled\u00e1vat vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 galaxie, aby vnesl nov\u00e9 poznatky o tom, jak vznikly p\u0159ed miliardami let.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 mise sondy Herschel skon\u010dila 29. dubna 2013, kdy do\u0161lo k vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob h\u00e9liov\u00e9ho chladiva. Sonda v\u0161ak byla i nad\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na k orbit\u00e1ln\u00edm test\u016fm, a\u017e do 17. \u010dervna, kdy byl odesl\u00e1n posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz k jej\u00edmu vypnut\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 14 May 2009, two of the most sensitive space observatories ever built were launched from Kourou in French Guiana. On board Europe\u2019s Ariane 5 rocket were Herschel, the world\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/05\/herschel_under_discussion2\/17880624-2-eng-GB\/Herschel_under_discussion.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA - C. 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