{"id":623,"date":"2013-10-02T11:25:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-02T09:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/europe_prepares_to_map_a_billion_stars\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:23","slug":"europe_prepares_to_map_a_billion_stars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/europe_prepares_to_map_a_billion_stars\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropa se chyst\u00e1 zmapovat miliardu hv\u011bzd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj pro mapov\u00e1n\u00ed hv\u011bzd, jak\u00fd byl kdy sestrojen, bude 19. prosince vypu\u0161t\u011bn z evropsk\u00e9ho kosmodromu ve Francouzsk\u00e9 Guyan\u011b. Raketa Sojuz vynese tuto dvou tunovou vesm\u00edrnou observato\u0159, zn\u00e1mou pod n\u00e1zvem Gaia, do vzd\u00e1lenosti 1,5 milionu km od Zem\u011b. Odtud bude n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch p\u011bt let prov\u00e1d\u011bt s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jedn\u00e9 miliardy hv\u011bzd v na\u0161\u00ed galaxii Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sonda Gaia po\u0161le zp\u011bt nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed data, jak\u00e1 kdy byla o poloh\u00e1ch, pohybech a jasu t\u011bchto hv\u011bzd z\u00edsk\u00e1na. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z vybran\u00fdch hv\u011bzd bude b\u011bhem p\u011btilet\u00e9 mise pozorov\u00e1na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70kr\u00e1t. To je v pr\u016fm\u011bru 40 milion\u016f pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed denn\u011b! Polohy jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch objekt\u016f (kter\u00e9 jsou st\u00e1le 4 000kr\u00e1t slab\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je lidsk\u00e9 oko schopno vid\u011bt) budou zaznamen\u00e1ny s p\u0159esnost\u00ed srovnatelnou s m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky lidsk\u00e9ho vlasu ze vzd\u00e1lenosti 1 000 km.<\/p>\n<p>Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout t\u00e9to pozoruhodn\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti, je Gaia vybavena mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b citliv\u00fdm \u201cokem\u201d \u2013 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kamerou, jak\u00e1 kdy byla vysl\u00e1na do vesm\u00edru. D\u00edky tomu bude Gaia schopna detekovat objekty, kter\u00e9 jsou milionkr\u00e1t slab\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e dok\u00e1\u017eou zachytit na\u0161e o\u010di. Je tak\u00e9 vybavena dv\u011bma optick\u00fdmi dalekohledy a t\u0159emi v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji, a nav\u00edc 10 metr\u016f \u0161irokou \u201csukn\u00ed\u201d, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed jako slune\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edt a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energii.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1500\" data-credit=\"ESA\/Herschel\/PACS\/SPIRE\/J.Fritz, U.Gent\/XMM-Newton\/EPIC\/W. Pietsch, MPE\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/12\/Andromeda_Galaxy_in_infrared_and_X-rays2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/12\/andromeda_galaxy_in_infrared_and_x-rays2\/17896053-2-eng-GB\/Andromeda_Galaxy_in_infrared_and_X-rays.jpg\" alt=\"Andromeda Galaxy in infrared and X-rays\"><figcaption>Galaxie Andromeda v infra\u010derven\u00e9m spektru a rentgenov\u00e9m z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem sondy Gaia bude vytvo\u0159en\u00ed 3D mapy Galaxie. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se v\u0161ak tak\u00e9, \u017ee objev\u00ed stovky tis\u00edc asteroid\u016f a komet v na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b; des\u00edtky tis\u00edc \u2018ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch\u2019 hv\u011bzd, tzv. hn\u011bd\u00fdch trpasl\u00edk\u016f; 20 000 exploduj\u00edc\u00edch hv\u011bzd, tzv. supernov; a stovky tis\u00edc aktivn\u00edch galaxi\u00ed, tzv. kvasar\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Sonda Gaia tak\u00e9 objev\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b 7 000 planet ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch kolem vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch hv\u011bzd. Toho dos\u00e1hne detekc\u00ed nepatrn\u00fdch pohyb\u016f v poloze hv\u011bzdy, ke kter\u00fdm doch\u00e1z\u00ed v d\u016fsledku gravita\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e9 planety. Do konce mise bude m\u00edt na kont\u011b 1 petabajt (1 milion gigabajt\u016f) dat, co\u017e je mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by zaplnilo 200 000 DVD.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The most powerful star mapper ever built will be launched from Europe\u2019s spaceport in French Guiana on 19 December. A Soyuz rocket will send the 2 tonne space observatory, known [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/10\/artist_s_impression_of_gaia\/17906940-2-eng-GB\/Artist_s_impression_of_Gaia.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/10\/Artist_s_impression_of_Gaia","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=623"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4590,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/623\/revisions\/4590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}