{"id":613,"date":"2013-11-20T09:08:00","date_gmt":"2013-11-20T08:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/happy_birthday_iss\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:17","slug":"happy_birthday_iss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/happy_birthday_iss\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0161echno nejlep\u0161\u00ed k narozenin\u00e1m, ISS!"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 stanice dnes slav\u00ed sv\u00e9 narozeniny, 15 let od vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prvn\u00edho modulu v roce 1998.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 stanice (ISS) je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00fdm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm projektem v historii, na kter\u00e9m se pod\u00edl\u00ed p\u011bt vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch agentur: NASA, ESA, Roskosmos, Kanadsk\u00e1 vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 agentura a Japonsk\u00e1 agentura pro pr\u016fzkum vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed modul stanice, Zarya, byl vypu\u0161t\u011bn 20. listopadu 1998 na rusk\u00e9 raket\u011b Proton. O t\u0159i t\u00fddny pozd\u011bji dopravil raketopl\u00e1n Space Shuttle druh\u00fd modul stanice, Unity, kter\u00fd byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159ipojen k modulu Zarya.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o dva roky pozd\u011bji dorazila na ISS prvn\u00ed pos\u00e1dka, kter\u00e1 na stanici \u017eila \u2013 Expedice 1. Od t\u00e9 doby je stanice nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b obydlena ji\u017e 13 let, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje nejdel\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eitou p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u010dlov\u011bka ve vesm\u00edru a jedinou st\u00e1lou laborato\u0159 ve stavu bezt\u00ed\u017ee!<\/p>\n

\"ISS
Portr\u00e9t pos\u00e1dky expedice ISS 37 uvnit\u0159 modulu Kibo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Stanice se rozrostla o modul Harmony italsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby v roce 2007 a o laborato\u0159 Columbus agentury ESA a japonsk\u00e9 laborato\u0159e Kibo v roce 2008.<\/p>\n

Od doby, kdy byl modul Columbus p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety p\u0159ipojen ke stanici, bylo provedeno v\u00edce ne\u017e 110 experiment\u016f pod veden\u00edm ESA, na nich\u017e se pod\u00edlelo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500 v\u011bdc\u016f. Tyto experimenty se t\u00fdkaly fyziky tekutin, materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd, fyziky z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, Slunce, lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla, biologie a astrobiologie.<\/p>\n

ESA vyslala k ISS \u010dty\u0159i moduly ATV nalo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1sobami a experimenty. Start p\u00e1t\u00e9ho modulu, pojmenovan\u00e9ho Georges Lema\u00eetre, je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok.<\/p>\n

V\u010detn\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky Expedice 38 nav\u0161t\u00edvilo stanici a pracovalo na n\u00ed celkem 211 lid\u00ed v r\u00e1mci v\u00edce ne\u017e 352 kosmick\u00fdch let\u016f. Evrop\u0161t\u00ed astronauti z It\u00e1lie, Francie, N\u011bmecka, Belgie, Nizozemska, \u0160pan\u011blska a \u0160v\u00e9dska se p\u0159ipojili k Rus\u016fm, Ameri\u010dan\u016fm, Kana\u010fan\u016fm, Japonc\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm, aby posunuli hranice lidsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu.<\/p>\n

\u010cinnosti prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 na ISS zlep\u0161uj\u00ed kvalitu \u017eivota na Zemi t\u00edm, \u017ee roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed na\u0161e v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky d\u00edky v\u00fdzkumu mimo na\u0161i planetu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The International Space Station celebrates its birthday today, 15 years after the first module was launched in 1998. The ISS is the largest cooperative project ever carried out in science, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/11\/international_space_station_salutes_the_sun\/17878478-2-eng-GB\/International_Space_Station_salutes_the_Sun.jpg","esa_banner_description":"International Space Station salutes the Sun","esa_banner_credit":"NASA\/ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/11\/International_Space_Station_salutes_the_Sun","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=613"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/613\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4582,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/613\/revisions\/4582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=613"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=613"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=613"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=613"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=613"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=613"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=613"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}