{"id":612,"date":"2013-11-28T08:18:00","date_gmt":"2013-11-28T07:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:30:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:30:17","slug":"thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/thirty_years_of_esa_astronauts_in_space\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159icet let astronaut\u016f ESA ve vesm\u00edru"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>P\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety, 28. listopadu 1983, byl na palub\u011b raketopl\u00e1nu Columbia vypu\u0161t\u011bn do vesm\u00edru prvn\u00ed Spacelab evropsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby. Na t\u00e9to misi let\u011bl prvn\u00ed astronaut ESA Ulf Merbold, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se ESA zapojila do oblasti pilotovan\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdch let\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0160est astronaut\u016f na palub\u011b Spacelabu-1 pracovalo ve dvou t\u00fdmech v 12hodinov\u00fdch sm\u011bn\u00e1ch, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148ovalo nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd provoz. Provedli v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 experiment\u016f v oblastech slune\u010dn\u00ed fyziky, fyziky vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho plazmatu, astronomie, pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Zem\u011b, materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd, technologie a biologick\u00fdch v\u011bd.<\/p>\n<p>Pot\u00e9, co za n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 10 dn\u00ed oblet\u011bla Zemi 166kr\u00e1t, se Columbia 8. prosince vr\u00e1tila na Zemi.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2670\" data-credit=\"NASA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/11\/Spacelab-1_STS-9_launch_28_November_19832\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/11\/spacelab-1_sts-9_launch_28_november_19832\/17890836-2-eng-GB\/Spacelab-1_STS-9_launch_28_November_1983.jpg\" alt=\"Spacelab-1\/STS-9 launch, 28 November 1983\"><figcaption>Start Spacelab-1\/STS-9, 28. listopadu 1983<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>V letech 1983 a\u017e 1998 absolvovaly moduly Spacelab 22 let\u016f na palub\u011b raketopl\u00e1nu a str\u00e1vily na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze celkem 244 dn\u00ed! Experimenty zkoumaly mo\u017enosti v\u00fdzkumu ve stavu bezt\u00ed\u017ee v mnoha v\u011bdeck\u00fdch oblastech, co\u017e vedlo k v\u00fdvoji kov\u016f nov\u00e9 generace pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch smartphonech a odhalilo oblasti vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00e9 slibuj\u00ed pokrok v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b chronick\u00fdch svalov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Evropsk\u00e1 laborato\u0159 Columbus na ISS vych\u00e1z\u00ed z projektu Spacelab. Uvnit\u0159 Spacelabu se pou\u017e\u00edvaly standardizovan\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 reg\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bly k jeho \u00fasp\u011bchu a byly p\u0159evzaty pro v\u0161echny laboratorn\u00ed moduly stanice.<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako byl Spacelab provozov\u00e1n mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi t\u00fdmy astronaut\u016f, tak i dne\u0161n\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 experimenty a laborato\u0159e na stanici jsou provozov\u00e1ny stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. O jejich provoz a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f se star\u00e1 st\u00e1l\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka stanice \u2013 jej\u00ed\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou nyn\u00ed i evrop\u0161t\u00ed astronauti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thirty years ago today, on 28 November 1983, the first European-built Spacelab was launched into space on Space Shuttle Columbia. ESA\u2019s first astronaut Ulf Merbold flew on that mission, marking [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2013\/11\/sts-9_crew\/18246661-2-eng-GB\/STS-9_crew.jpg","esa_banner_description":"STS-9 crew","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2013\/11\/STS-9_crew","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=612"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4581,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/612\/revisions\/4581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=612"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}