{"id":582,"date":"2010-10-27T08:10:00","date_gmt":"2010-10-27T06:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cluster_explores_invisible_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:29:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:29:54","slug":"cluster_explores_invisible_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/cluster_explores_invisible_space\/","title":{"rendered":"Cluster zkoum\u00e1 neviditeln\u00fd prostor"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>V l\u00e9t\u011b roku 2000 byly \u010dty\u0159i identick\u00e9 sondy Cluster vypu\u0161t\u011bny na velmi prot\u00e1hl\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e9 je zavedly do vzd\u00e1lenosti odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed jedn\u00e9 t\u0159etin\u011b vzd\u00e1lenosti k M\u011bs\u00edci. Od t\u00e9 doby tato \u010dtve\u0159ice sond ESA \u2013 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pod jm\u00e9ny Salsa, Samba, Rumba a Tango \u2013 ob\u00edh\u00e1 ve formaci kolem Zem\u011b. N\u011bkdy se nach\u00e1zely uvnit\u0159 magnetick\u00e9ho pole planety. Jindy opustily magnetosf\u00e9ru a prolet\u011bly elektricky nabit\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se zm\u011bnily jejich ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, poskytly tyto kosmick\u00e9 sondy prvn\u00ed trojrozm\u011brn\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed neviditeln\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic a magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuj\u00ed v prostoru v bl\u00edzkosti Zem\u011b. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost vzbudila pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e, \u010derveno-zelen\u00e1 sv\u011bteln\u00e1 clona, kter\u00e1 je vid\u011bt na no\u010dn\u00ed obloze nad pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi oblastmi. Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e se nadzvukov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice ze Slunce sraz\u00ed s magnetick\u00fdm polem na\u0161\u00ed planety. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je odklon\u011bna zemsk\u00fdm magnetick\u00fdm \u0161t\u00edtem, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 se j\u00edm proraz\u00ed a z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v n\u011bm uv\u011bzn\u011bny.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-natural\" data-width=\"400\" data-credit=\"NASA\/ ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/04\/Effect_of_extreme_solar_activity_on_Earth_s_magnetosphere2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/04\/effect_of_extreme_solar_activity_on_earth_s_magnetosphere2\/17908974-2-eng-GB\/Effect_of_extreme_solar_activity_on_Earth_s_magnetosphere.gif\" alt=\"Effect of extreme solar activity on Earth&#x27;s magnetosphere\"><figcaption>Vliv extr\u00e9mn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity na magnetosf\u00e9ru Zem\u011b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice se spir\u00e1lovit\u011b pohybuj\u00ed pod\u00e9l magnetick\u00fdch silo\u010dar a nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed do horn\u00edch vrstev atmosf\u00e9ry, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i. V t\u00e9to barevn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159i se v\u0161ak n\u011bkdy objevuj\u00ed tmav\u00e9 \u2018d\u00edry\u2019 \u2013 takzvan\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e. Skupina v\u011bdc\u016f zjistila, \u017ee k tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed tam, kde \u010d\u00e1stice unikaj\u00ed sm\u011brem nahoru do vesm\u00edru, m\u00edsto aby klesaly dol\u016f do atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n<p>Cluster u\u010dinil \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch objev\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad ob\u0159\u00ed v\u00edry, kter\u00e9 vn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice do zemsk\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho pole. Odhalil tak\u00e9, jak se \u2018zabij\u00e1ck\u00e9\u2019 elektrony dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do takov\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho stavu, \u017ee mohou vy\u0159adit z provozu nebo zni\u010dit kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i satelity u\u017e maj\u00ed n\u011bco za sebou, ale t\u00fdm projektu Cluster je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee budou schopny fungovat alespo\u0148 do roku 2016. V\u011bdci z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta se mezit\u00edm t\u011b\u0161\u00ed na to, \u017ee budou moci pokra\u010dovat ve zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed neviditeln\u00e9ho prostoru kolem na\u0161\u00ed Zem\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the summer of 2000, four identical Cluster spacecraft were launched into highly elongated polar orbits which took them one third of the way to the Moon. Since then, the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2000\/08\/the_four_cluster_spacecraft2\/17866490-3-eng-GB\/The_four_Cluster_spacecraft.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The four Cluster spacecraft","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2000\/08\/The_four_Cluster_spacecraft2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,35],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-the-sun"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=582"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4561,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/582\/revisions\/4561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=582"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}