{"id":580,"date":"2005-12-09T12:29:00","date_gmt":"2005-12-09T11:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_solar_system_and_its_planets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:29:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:29:52","slug":"the_solar_system_and_its_planets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/the_solar_system_and_its_planets\/","title":{"rendered":"Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustava a jej\u00ed planety"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustava se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze Slunce a v\u0161ech men\u0161\u00edch t\u011bles, kter\u00e1 se kolem n\u011bj pohybuj\u00ed. Krom\u011b Slunce pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed t\u011blesa Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy osm hlavn\u00edch planet. Nejbl\u00ed\u017ee ke Slunci se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 planety \u2013 Merkur, Venu\u0161e, Zem\u011b a Mars.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Za Marsem se nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u00e1s asteroid\u016f \u2013 oblast, v n\u00ed\u017e se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed miliony skalnat\u00fdch t\u011bles. Jedn\u00e1 se o zbytky z obdob\u00ed vzniku planet p\u0159ed 4,5 miliardami let.<\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b p\u00e1su asteroid\u016f se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i plynn\u00ed ob\u0159i \u2013 Jupiter, Saturn, Uran a Neptun. Tyto planety jsou mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Zem\u011b, ale vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 velikosti jsou velmi lehk\u00e9. Skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z vod\u00edku a helia.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b doned\u00e1vna byla nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mou planetou ledov\u00e1 planeta zvan\u00e1 Pluto. Pluto je v\u0161ak ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s M\u011bs\u00edcem Zem\u011b nepatrn\u00e9 a mnoho astronom\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 na to, aby se dalo nazvat skute\u010dnou planetou.<\/p>\n

V roce 2005 byl velmi daleko od Slunce objeven objekt s n\u00e1zvem Eris, kter\u00fd je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm stejn\u011b velk\u00fd jako Pluto. V posledn\u00edch letech bylo za Plutem objeveno v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 000 ledov\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f, jako je Eris. Tyto objekty se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed objekty Kuiperova p\u00e1su. V roce 2006 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed astronomick\u00e1 unie rozhodla, \u017ee Pluto a Eris mus\u00ed b\u00fdt za\u0159azeny do kategorie \u201ctrpasli\u010d\u00edch planet\u201d.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed komety z Oortova oblaku. Ty jsou tak daleko, \u017ee je nelze spat\u0159it ani pomoc\u00ed t\u011bch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch dalekohled\u016f. \u010cas od \u010dasu dojde k naru\u0161en\u00ed dr\u00e1hy jedn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto komet a ta se vyd\u00e1 sm\u011brem ke Slunci. Pot\u00e9 se stane viditelnou na no\u010dn\u00ed obloze.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Solar System is made up of the Sun and all of the smaller objects that move around it. Apart from the Sun, the largest members of the Solar System […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2014\/08\/explore_our_universe_poster\/17899681-2-eng-GB\/Explore_our_Universe_poster.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2014\/08\/Explore_our_Universe_poster","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=580"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1723,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580\/revisions\/1723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=580"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}