{"id":509,"date":"2004-11-16T10:36:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-16T09:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/asteroids_the_minor_planets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:29:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:29:02","slug":"asteroids_the_minor_planets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/asteroids_the_minor_planets\/","title":{"rendered":"Asteroidy \u2013 mal\u00e9 planety"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Asteroidy jsou mal\u00e1 skalnat\u00e1 t\u011blesa, kter\u00e1 zbyla po vzniku planet p\u0159ed 4,5 miliardami let. \u010casto se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u2018mal\u00e9 planety\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Odhaduje se, \u017ee t\u011bchto skaln\u00edch \u00falomk\u016f jsou miliardy. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v \u2018hlavn\u00edm p\u00e1su\u2019 ve tvaru koblihy mezi ob\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi drahami Marsu a Jupitera. Na vnit\u0159n\u00edm okraji tohoto hlavn\u00edho p\u00e1su trv\u00e1 asteroid\u016fm oblet Slunce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i roky. T\u011bm, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed bl\u00edzko vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hranice hlavn\u00edho p\u00e1su, to trv\u00e1 dvakr\u00e1t d\u00e9le.<\/p>\n<p>Slovo \u2018asteroid\u2019 znamen\u00e1 \u2018podobn\u00fd hv\u011bzd\u011b\u2019. Tento n\u00e1zev dostaly proto, \u017ee je ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b dalekohled\u016f lze vid\u011bt pouze jako sv\u011bteln\u00e9 te\u010dky. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed je astronomov\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali \u2018nebeskou hav\u011bt\u00ed\u2019. Bylo jich vid\u011bt tolik, \u017ee kazily fotografie vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed a mlhovin.<\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z asteroid\u016f, Ceres, byl objeven jako prvn\u00ed. Objevil jej Giuseppi Piazzi z Palerma na Sic\u00edlii dne 1. ledna 1801.<\/p>\n<p>Druhou planetku \u2013 Pallas \u2013 objevil Wilhelm Olbers v roce 1802. N\u00e1sledovaly Juno (1804) a Vesta (1807). Od roku 1847 neuplynul ani jeden rok, ani\u017e by byla objevena alespo\u0148 jedna planetka.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/asteroider_de_smaa_planeter\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">d\u00e1n\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/planetoiden_-_de_kleine_planeten\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">nizozem\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/asteroiden_-_die_kleinplaneten\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">n\u011bm\u010dina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/asteroider_de_smaa_planetene\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">nor\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/asteroidy_czyli_planetoidy\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">pol\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/asteroider_smaaplaneterna\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">\u0160v\u00e9d\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Asteroids are small, rocky bodies that have been left over from the formation of the planets 4.5 billion years ago. They are often known as &#8216;minor planets&#8217;. There are thought [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/07\/asteroid_243_ida_and_its_newly_discovered_moon_dactyl2\/17863270-3-eng-GB\/Asteroid_243_Ida_and_its_newly_discovered_moon_Dactyl.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Asteroid 243 Ida and its newly discovered moon, Dactyl","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/07\/Asteroid_243_Ida_and_its_newly_discovered_moon_Dactyl2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[46,10,11],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comets-and-meteors","category-learn","category-our-universe","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=509"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1652,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/509\/revisions\/1652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}