{"id":50,"date":"2004-11-19T09:32:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_international_space_station\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:23:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:23:33","slug":"the_international_space_station","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/the_international_space_station\/","title":{"rendered":"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 stanice"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 stanice (ISS) je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm objektem, jak\u00fd kdy byl vysl\u00e1n do vesm\u00edru, a \u010dasto ji lze spat\u0159it ze Zem\u011b! Ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem Zem\u011b pr\u016fm\u011brnou rychlost\u00ed 28 800 km\/h, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e za den absolvuje 16 oblet\u016f ve v\u00fd\u0161ce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 400 kilometr\u016f nad n\u00e1mi. Na v\u00fdstavb\u011b stanice spolupracovalo 15 zem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b USA, Ruska, Japonska, Kanady a mnoha \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f ESA. Od jej\u00edho vzniku v roce 1998 nav\u0161t\u00edvilo ISS v\u00edce ne\u017e 250 lid\u00ed z v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ISS je dlouh\u00fd centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nosn\u00edk zvan\u00fd \u201etruss\u201c, ke kter\u00e9mu je p\u0159ipojeno 8 obrovsk\u00fdch k\u0159\u00eddel sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f (ka\u017ed\u00e9 se dv\u011bma sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi panely), kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed energii pro stanici. Moduly, ve kter\u00fdch astronauti \u017eij\u00ed a pracuj\u00ed, jsou p\u0159ipevn\u011bny ke st\u0159edu tohoto nosn\u00edku. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00fdm projektem v r\u00e1mci ISS je v\u011bdeck\u00e1 laborato\u0159 Columbus, kde mohou astronauti prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u011bdeck\u00e9 experimenty ve stavu bezt\u00ed\u017ee. Uvnit\u0159 i vn\u011b t\u00e9to vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 laborato\u0159e lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f experiment\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>ESA rovn\u011b\u017e vyrobila automatickou p\u0159epravn\u00ed lo\u010f (ATV) \u2013 s\u00e9rii bezpilotn\u00edch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na ISS dopravovaly n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly, potraviny, vzduch a vodu. Tyto n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lod\u011b v letech 2008 a\u017e 2014 dopravovaly potraviny, palivo, vybaven\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1soby.<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m ACLS (Advanced Closed Loop System) agentury ESA je d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanice (ISS), proto\u017ee pom\u00e1h\u00e1 na\u0161im astronaut\u016fm d\u00fdchat t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, kter\u00fd astronauti vydechuj\u00ed, na kysl\u00edk! Po mnoho let se kysl\u00edk vyr\u00e1b\u011bl z vody (kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z vod\u00edku a kysl\u00edku) dovezen\u00e9 ze Zem\u011b. D\u00edky tomuto nov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu v\u0161ak astronauti ka\u017ed\u00fd rok u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed tolik vody, \u017ee by se s n\u00ed dala naplnit velk\u00e1 vana (a u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed tak spoustu pen\u011bz)! Tento syst\u00e9m je opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro budouc\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 mise na M\u011bs\u00edc a Mars, proto\u017ee pom\u00e1h\u00e1 astronaut\u016fm \u017e\u00edt ve vesm\u00edru d\u00e9le, ani\u017e by pot\u0159ebovali tolik z\u00e1sob ze Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Jakmile astronauti doraz\u00ed na ISS, obvykle tam str\u00e1v\u00ed asi \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, b\u011bhem nich\u017e prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 experimenty a staraj\u00ed se o stanici. ISS m\u00e1 v\u00edce obytn\u00e9ho prostoru ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00fd d\u016fm se \u0161esti lo\u017enicemi, v\u010detn\u011b lo\u017enic, koupelen, posilovny a speci\u00e1ln\u00edho okna zvan\u00e9ho Cupola, kter\u00e9 vyrobila Evropsk\u00e1 kosmick\u00e1 agentura (ESA) a kter\u00e9 astronaut\u016fm poskytuje 360stup\u0148ov\u00fd v\u00fdhled na Zemi.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video\"><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8wtWvZczOx4?si=iJEk0sjpxGMn0Ac9\" title=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010d vide\u00ed na YouTube\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/figure>\n<p>Celkem v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 600 v\u011bdc\u016f provedlo na palub\u011b ISS p\u0159es 2 500 experiment\u016f. Astronauti maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 trochu voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu, aby se mohli d\u00edvat z okna, pov\u00eddat si s rodinou a v\u011bnovat se sv\u00fdm kon\u00ed\u010dk\u016fm!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The International Space Station (ISS) is the biggest object ever flown into space and can often be seen from Earth! It travels around the Earth at an average speed of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2011\/02\/international_space_station\/17901087-2-eng-GB\/International_Space_Station.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2011\/02\/International_Space_Station","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,13,27],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-50","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-life-in-space","category-space-stations","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1193,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions\/1193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}