{"id":491,"date":"2011-01-24T13:33:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-24T12:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/black_holes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:28:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:28:49","slug":"black_holes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/black_holes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>\u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry jsou nejpodivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objekty ve vesm\u00edru. \u010cern\u00e1 d\u00edra nem\u00e1 povrch, jako m\u00e1 planeta nebo hv\u011bzda. Jedn\u00e1 se sp\u00ed\u0161e o oblast vesm\u00edru, kde se hmota zhroutila do sebe. V\u00fdsledkem tohoto katastrofick\u00e9ho zhroucen\u00ed je koncentrace obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed hmoty na neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b mal\u00e9m prostoru. Gravita\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017elivost t\u00e9to oblasti je tak velk\u00e1, \u017ee z n\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee uniknout nic \u2013 ani sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>A\u010dkoli \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry nelze vid\u011bt, v\u00edme, \u017ee existuj\u00ed, a to podle toho, jak ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed okoln\u00ed prach, hv\u011bzdy a galaxie. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich jsou obklopeny disky hmoty. Jak se tyto disky kolem nich v\u00ed\u0159\u00ed jako v\u00edr, extr\u00e9mn\u011b se zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed a vyza\u0159uj\u00ed rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry se vyskytuj\u00ed v mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikostech. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich maj\u00ed hmotnost jen n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Slunce. Tyto \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry \u2018hv\u011bzdn\u00ed hmotnosti\u2019 vznikaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, asi desetkr\u00e1t t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Slunce, ukon\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj \u017eivot v\u00fdbuchem supernovy. To, co z hv\u011bzdy zbude \u2013 st\u00e1le n\u011bkolik hmotnost\u00ed Slunce \u2013 se zhrout\u00ed do oblasti o pr\u016fm\u011bru pouh\u00fdch n\u011bkolika kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina galaxi\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m st\u0159edu supermasivn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry. Ty mohou b\u00fdt miliony \u010di miliardykr\u00e1t t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na\u0161e Slunce. Supermasivn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry jsou tak\u00e9 zdrojem energie aktivn\u00edch galaxi\u00ed a prastar\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako kvazary. Kvazary mohou b\u00fdt stovkykr\u00e1t jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e i ty nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 galaxie.<\/p>\n<p>Objekty, kter\u00e9 spadnou do \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br, jsou doslova rozta\u017eeny a\u017e na hranici roztr\u017een\u00ed. Astronaut, kter\u00fd by se odv\u00e1\u017eil p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko a byl by vta\u017een do \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, by byl roztrh\u00e1n nesm\u00edrnou gravitac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<nav class=\"related\" aria-label=\"Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed\">\n<h2 class=\"related__heading\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed<\/h2>\n<div class=\"grid related__grid\">\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/sorte_huller\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">d\u00e1n\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/zwarte_gaten\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">nizozem\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/schwarze_loecher\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">n\u011bm\u010dina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/svarte_hull\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">nor\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/czarne_dziury\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">pol\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grid-item\">\n<article class=\"card focuson agency\"><a class=\"card__link\" href=\"\/cs\/svarta_haal\/\"><\/p>\n<figure class=\"thumbnail\"><span class=\"dimmer\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<header class=\"entry\">\n<h3 class=\"heading\">\u0160v\u00e9d\u0161tina<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p><\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Black holes are the strangest objects in the Universe. A black hole does not have a surface, like a planet or star. Instead, it is a region of space where [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/04\/a_black_hole_and_companion_star_with_supernova2\/17902678-2-eng-GB\/A_black_hole_and_companion_star_with_supernova.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"ESA, NASA and Felix Mirabel (French Atomic Energy Commission & the Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics\/Conicet of Argentina)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/04\/A_black_hole_and_companion_star_with_supernova2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,19],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-story-of-the-universe","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=491"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1634,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions\/1634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}