{"id":391,"date":"2018-05-07T12:06:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-07T10:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/mystery_of_the_missing_matter\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:27:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:27:38","slug":"mystery_of_the_missing_matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/mystery_of_the_missing_matter\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hada zmizel\u00e9 hmoty"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee ve vesm\u00edru z\u0159ejm\u011b chyb\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st hmoty? Mo\u017en\u00e1 jste u\u017e sly\u0161eli o temn\u00e9 hmot\u011b, kter\u00e1 je velmi z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 a v\u011bdci ji dosud neobjevili. Ale i b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 hmota, z n\u00ed\u017e jsou tvo\u0159eny v\u011bci, na kter\u00e9 jsme zvykl\u00ed \u2013 hv\u011bzdy, planety a v\u0161e, co m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt, ohmatat nebo c\u00edtit \u2013, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1hadn\u00e1! P\u0159i studiu bl\u00edzk\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed jsme zjistili, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich obsahuj\u00ed t\u0159ikr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b hmoty, ne\u017e bychom o\u010dek\u00e1vali. Na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed galaxie \u2013 Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha \u2013 obsahuje m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e polovinu hmoty, kterou by m\u011bla m\u00edt! Kde je ta chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed hmota?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Astronomov\u00e9 v\u011bnovali spoustu \u010dasu a \u00fasil\u00ed snaze vyp\u00e1trat tuto chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed hmotu. Skupina v\u011bdc\u016f p\u0159i\u0161la s n\u00e1padem, \u017ee tato hmota se mo\u017en\u00e1 nenach\u00e1z\u00ed v hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti galaxi\u00ed, kde je v\u011bt\u0161ina hv\u011bzd, ale v hal\u00e1ch galaxi\u00ed. Hal\u00f3 jsou oblasti hork\u00e9ho plynu, kter\u00e9 obklopuj\u00ed galaxie. Hal\u00f3 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat a astronomov\u00e9 do nich obvykle dok\u00e1\u017eou nahl\u00e9dnout jen na kr\u00e1tkou vzd\u00e1lenost. Mohla by b\u00fdt hal\u00f3 galaxi\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fakrytem pro chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed hmotu ve vesm\u00edru?<\/p>\n

\"XMM-Newton\"
XMM-Newton<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00fdm astronom\u016f vyu\u017eil vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled ESA s n\u00e1zvem XMM-Newton k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed hal galaxi\u00ed do v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hloubky ne\u017e dosud, aby v nich hledal hmotu. XMM-Newton je rentgenov\u00fd dalekohled, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nevid\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou zachytit na\u0161e o\u010di, ale pozoruje rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Studium hal galaxi\u00ed pomoc\u00ed rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed!<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm prozkoumal \u0161est spir\u00e1ln\u00edch galaxi\u00ed a hledal stopy, kter\u00e9 by nazna\u010dovaly p\u0159\u00edtomnost hmoty. Po ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dat byli p\u0159ipraveni ozn\u00e1mit sv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky: t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 hmoty st\u00e1le chyb\u011bly!<\/p>\n

\"Searching
Hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u2018chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed\u2019 hmoty v galaktick\u00fdch hal\u00e1ch<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kde by tedy mohla b\u00fdt? Existuje n\u011bkolik teori\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je ulo\u017eena v n\u011bjak\u00e9m druhu plynu, kter\u00fd se n\u00e1m t\u011b\u017eko pozoruje. Mohla by se nach\u00e1zet v oblasti vesm\u00edru, kterou jsme dosud neprozkoumali. Nebo je mo\u017en\u00e1 tato hmota p\u0159\u00edtomna v hal\u00e1ch, ale jej\u00ed rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slab\u00e9 na to, aby ho zachytil i satelit XMM-Newton.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci maj\u00ed velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem pokra\u010dovat ve v\u00fdzkumu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jednoho dne vy\u0159e\u0161\u00edme z\u00e1hadu zmizel\u00e9 hmoty!<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost:<\/b> Chystan\u00fd dalekohled ESA s n\u00e1zvem Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics (ATHA) bude zkoumat vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblasti galaxi\u00ed p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed hmoty.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Did you know that the Universe seems to be missing some matter? You may have heard of dark matter, which is very mysterious and has yet to be found by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/05\/anatomy_of_the_milky_way\/17882733-2-eng-GB\/Anatomy_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Anatomy of the Milky Way","esa_banner_credit":"NASA\/JPL-Caltech; right: ESA; layout: ESA\/ATG medialab","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/05\/Anatomy_of_the_Milky_Way","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=391"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4438,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/391\/revisions\/4438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=391"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=391"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=391"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=391"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=391"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=391"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=391"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}