{"id":373,"date":"2018-08-13T11:39:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-13T09:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/earth_is_surprisingly_squishy\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:27:25","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:27:25","slug":"earth_is_surprisingly_squishy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/earth_is_surprisingly_squishy\/","title":{"rendered":"Zem\u011b je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b m\u011bkk\u00e1!"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

P\u0159ed 20 000 lety byla Zem\u011b v dob\u011b ledov\u00e9! V\u011bt\u0161inu na\u0161\u00ed planety pokr\u00fdval led, na mnoha m\u00edstech a\u017e 3 km siln\u00fd, podobn\u011b jako dnes v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech Antarktidy a Gr\u00f3nska. V\u011bdci zkoumali, jak se m\u011bn\u00ed povrch Zem\u011b, kdy\u017e je pokryt\u00fd silnou vrstvou ledu, a co se stane, kdy\u017e ten led rozt\u00e1v\u00e1. Do\u0161li k ne\u010dekan\u00e9mu objevu!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tvrd\u00e1, skalnat\u00e1 zemsk\u00e1 k\u016fra \u2013 jej\u00ed\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je i p\u016fda, po kter\u00e9 chod\u00edme \u2013 le\u017e\u00ed na vrstv\u011b o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 2 900 km, kter\u00e1 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. Ten je pom\u011brn\u011b m\u011bkk\u00fd a chov\u00e1 se jako hust\u00e1 kapalina. Pokud je nad n\u00ed t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed zemsk\u00e1 k\u016fra, jako tomu bylo v minulosti, kdy byla pokryta ledem, pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 se stla\u010duje dol\u016f. B\u011bhem posledn\u00ed doby ledov\u00e9 se pevnina pod nejtlust\u0161\u00ed vrstvou ledu propadla a\u017e o 500 m!<\/p>\n

Nakonec se v\u011bt\u0161ina ledu rozt\u00e1la a bez t\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00e1hy, kter\u00e1 na ni tla\u010dila, se pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 op\u011bt zvedl. St\u00e1le se zved\u00e1, i dnes, i kdy\u017e pomalej\u0161\u00edm tempem. Zem\u011b je tedy trochu jako matrace na posteli \u2013 kdy\u017e na n\u00ed le\u017e\u00edte, matrace se prohne. Ale kdy\u017e z n\u00ed sesko\u010d\u00edte, pomalu se zase zvedne!<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Antarktida se zved\u00e1. Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va: Planetary Visions (zdroj: ESA\/Planetary Visions)<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Skupina v\u011bdc\u016f vyu\u017eila data z GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky Antarktidy. Jeliko\u017e je Antarktida st\u00e1le pokryta silnou vrstvou ledu \u2013 i kdy\u017e ne tak silnou jako b\u011bhem doby ledov\u00e9 \u2013, o\u010dek\u00e1vali bychom, \u017ee se jej\u00ed povrch bude zvedat jen pomalu. K jejich velk\u00e9mu p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed v\u0161ak zjistili, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st Antarktidy se ve skute\u010dnosti zved\u00e1 rychleji ne\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 kdekoli jinde na Zemi! To je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, proto\u017ee n\u00e1m to poskytuje nov\u00fd vhled do toho, jak by mohl vypadat pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pod povrchem.<\/p>\n

\"GOCE
GOCE na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to studie v\u011bdci vyu\u017eili data z vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 mise ESA s n\u00e1zvem Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b GOCE. Sonda GOCE zmapovala gravita\u010dn\u00ed pole kolem Zem\u011b, co\u017e je chytr\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak zjistit, co se d\u011bje pod povrchem. Pokud se pod zem\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed hust\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, je gravita\u010dn\u00ed pole o n\u011bco siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Data ze sondy GOCE n\u00e1m tedy mohou prozradit, jak pevn\u00fd je zemsk\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n

Mise GOCE sice skon\u010dila v roce 2013, ale jej\u00ed data jsou zjevn\u011b st\u00e1le velmi cenn\u00e1! Uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 je ve skute\u010dnosti m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme si mysleli, velmi tekut\u00fd a pohybuje se rychle \u2013 co\u017e vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d byly v Antarktid\u011b zaznamen\u00e1ny tak rychl\u00e9 vzestupy.<\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdzkum je skv\u011bl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak poznat vnit\u0159n\u00ed strukturu na\u0161\u00ed domovsk\u00e9 planety, Zem\u011b!<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost:<\/b> Sonda GOCE byla navr\u017eena bez mnoha pohybliv\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jak\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed u jin\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed, proto\u017ee jejich pohyb by mohl naru\u0161ovat m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed gravitace!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

20,000 years ago, Earth was in an Ice Age! Most of our planet was covered in ice, in many places 3km thick, like parts of Antarctica and Greenland today. Scientists […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/08\/antarctica_in_3d\/17869709-2-eng-GB\/Antarctica_in_3D.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Antarctica in 3D","esa_banner_credit":"CPOM","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/08\/Antarctica_in_3D","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[42,10,43],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth","category-learn","category-protecting-earth"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=373"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4421,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions\/4421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}