{"id":371,"date":"2018-08-23T13:06:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-23T11:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/de_l_eau_liquide_a_ete_trouvee_sur_mars\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:27:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:27:24","slug":"de_l_eau_liquide_a_ete_trouvee_sur_mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/de_l_eau_liquide_a_ete_trouvee_sur_mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Na Marsu byla objevena kapaln\u00e1 voda!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Kosmick\u00e1 sonda Mars Express pr\u00e1v\u011b u\u010dinila neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd objev: na Rud\u00e9 planet\u011b zaznamenala stopy vody v kapaln\u00e9m stavu! Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u011bdeck\u00e1 obec hled\u00e1 vodu na Marsu ji\u017e mnoho let, mohl by se tento objev uk\u00e1zat jako z\u00e1sadn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>V d\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti byla velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st povrchu Marsu pokryta oce\u00e1ny, \u0159ekami a jezery. Dnes to m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat, proto\u017ee na Marsu se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed obrovsk\u00e1 vyschl\u00e1 \u00fadol\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla mnohokr\u00e1t vyfotografov\u00e1na r\u016fzn\u00fdmi kosmick\u00fdmi sondami. N\u011bkolik p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00edch modul\u016f a pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch voz\u00edtek zde nav\u00edc objevilo starod\u00e1vn\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 se mohou tvo\u0159it pouze v kapaln\u00e9 vod\u011b.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"5333\" data-credit=\"Copyright Context map: NASA\/Viking; THEMIS background: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/Arizona State University; MARSIS data: ESA\/NASA\/JPL\/ASI\/Univ. Rome; R. Orosei et al 2018\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/08\/Mars_Express_detects_water_buried_under_the_south_pole_of_Mars\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/08\/mars_express_detects_water_buried_under_the_south_pole_of_mars\/18250213-2-eng-GB\/Mars_Express_detects_water_buried_under_the_south_pole_of_Mars.jpg\" alt=\"Mars Express detects water buried under the south pole of Mars\"><figcaption>Sonda Mars Express objevila vodu ukrytou pod ji\u017en\u00edm p\u00f3lem Marsu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>P\u0159esto v\u0161ak tato voda nemohla z\u016fstat v kapaln\u00e9m stavu nav\u017edy. Klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky na Marsu se nakonec zm\u011bnily a \u2013 i kdy\u017e sonda Mars Express d\u0159\u00edve zaznamenala zamrzlou vodu v pol\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010depi\u010dk\u00e1ch Rud\u00e9 planety \u2013 tekut\u00e1 voda je dnes na povrchu Marsu nemysliteln\u00e1. V\u011bdci se proto rozhodli prozkoumat mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 podzem\u00ed! K tomu vyu\u017eili p\u0159\u00edstroj MARSIS na sond\u011b Mars Express, pokro\u010dil\u00fd mar\u0165ansk\u00fd radar, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje sondovat podpovrch a ionosf\u00e9ru Rud\u00e9 planety. MARSIS je \u00abradar s pronik\u00e1n\u00edm do p\u016fdy\u00bb, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee vys\u00edlat radarov\u00e9 impulsy z ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy na povrch Marsu. Zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm doby a intenzity odra\u017een\u00fdch vln zp\u011bt k vys\u00edla\u010di na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze se v\u011bdeck\u00e9 t\u00fdmy mohou pokusit zjistit, co se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod povrchem. To je docela geni\u00e1ln\u00ed!<\/p>\n<p>Studie zalo\u017een\u00e1 na datech shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstrojem MARSIS vedla k dlouho o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9mu objevu. Ji\u017en\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010depi\u010dka Marsu se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z mnoha vrstev ledu a prachu o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 1,5 km v oblasti dlouh\u00e9 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 km. Pozornost v\u011bdc\u016f upoutal pod t\u011bmito vrstvami usazenin obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b jasn\u00fd radarov\u00fd odraz o d\u00e9lce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 km. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee by se mohlo jednat o velk\u00e9 jezero s tekutou vodou!<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"1920\" data-credit=\"ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/08\/Perspective_view_of_Libya_Montes\" data-licence=\"CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO or ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/08\/perspective_view_of_libya_montes\/17894240-2-eng-GB\/Perspective_view_of_Libya_Montes.jpg\" alt=\"Perspective view of Libya Montes\"><figcaption>Pohled na poho\u0159\u00ed Libya Montes z pta\u010d\u00ed perspektivy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Na Zemi se n\u011bkter\u00e9 formy mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota vyv\u00edjej\u00ed v kapk\u00e1ch vody, jejich\u017e podm\u00ednky nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot. Mohly by v t\u00e9to mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 vod\u011b \u017e\u00edt mikroskopick\u00e9 organismy? Je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee pod povrchem Marsu se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed jezera a vodn\u00ed plochy. Jak\u00e1 tajemstv\u00ed v sob\u011b asi skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Podle Dmitrije Titova, jednoho z v\u011bdc\u016f projektu Mars Express: \u00abTento fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed objev p\u0159edstavuje historick\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd pokrok, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee pochopit v\u00fdvoj Marsu, ale tak\u00e9 historii vody na t\u00e9to planet\u011b a jej\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed obyvatelnost.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Cht\u011bli byste prozkoumat mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 podzem\u00ed? Co si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee bychom tam mohli naj\u00edt?<\/p>\n<p><b>V\u011bd\u011bli jste to?<\/b> Sonda Mars Express ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem Rud\u00e9 planety ji\u017e 15 let!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La sonde spatiale Mars Express vient de faire une incroyable d\u00e9couverte : elle a d\u00e9tect\u00e9 des signes d\u2019eau \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat liquide sur la Plan\u00e8te rouge ! Alors que la communaut\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/08\/mars_express\/17883547-2-eng-GB\/Mars_Express.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Mars Express","esa_banner_credit":"ESA\/ATG medialab; Mars: ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO","esa_banner_licence":"CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO or ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/08\/Mars_Express","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=371"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4419,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371\/revisions\/4419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}