{"id":297,"date":"2019-04-04T12:15:36","date_gmt":"2019-04-04T10:15:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_test_a_new_pulsar_clock\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:26:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:26:33","slug":"esa_test_a_new_pulsar_clock","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/esa_test_a_new_pulsar_clock\/","title":{"rendered":"ESA testuje nov\u00e9 pulsarov\u00e9 hodiny"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Kdy jste se naposledy pod\u00edvali na \u010das? Mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1te n\u00e1ramkov\u00e9 hodinky nebo hodiny na zdi. Zamysleli jste se n\u011bkdy nad t\u00edm, jak p\u0159esn\u00fd je \u010das, kter\u00fd ukazuj\u00ed? V na\u0161em ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b sta\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou hodiny p\u0159esn\u00e9 s odchylkou n\u011bkolika minut \u010di sekund. Co kdy\u017e jste ale v\u011bdec, in\u017een\u00fdr nebo astronaut? Mo\u017en\u00e1 pot\u0159ebujete m\u011b\u0159it \u010das velmi p\u0159esn\u011b. V\u011bdci z ESA za\u010dali testovat nov\u00fd typ vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fdch hodin, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pulzary! Tyto hodiny s n\u00e1zvem \u201cPulChron\u201d m\u011b\u0159\u00ed plynut\u00ed \u010dasu pomoc\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00fdch pulz\u016f s frekvenc\u00ed v milisekund\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z n\u011bkolika rychle rotuj\u00edc\u00edch neutronov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Neutronov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy jsou neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b hust\u00e9 objekty, kter\u00e9 vznikly z kolabuj\u00edc\u00edch jader exploduj\u00edc\u00edch hv\u011bzd. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi hv\u011bzdami a planetami jsou nepatrn\u00e9 \u2013 maj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br pouze asi 10 a\u017e 20 km \u2013, ale obsahuj\u00ed v\u00edce \u201chmoty\u201d ne\u017e Slunce! N\u011bkdy se neutronov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed velmi rychle. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 pulsary a pr\u00e1v\u011b ty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u011bdci z projektu PulChron. Jak se pulsary ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed, vys\u00edlaj\u00ed paprsky r\u00e1diov\u00fdch vln, kter\u00e9 lze zachytit na Zemi. Tento jev je trochu podobn\u00fd tomu, jak vid\u00edme blikaj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011btla maj\u00e1ku. Tyto r\u00e1diov\u00e9 z\u00e1blesky jsou tak pravideln\u00e9, \u017ee by mohly tvo\u0159it z\u00e1klad velmi p\u0159esn\u00e9ho hodinov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u2013 a pr\u00e1v\u011b to t\u00fdm projektu PulChron testuje.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"768\" data-credit=\"ESA\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/12\/PulChron_setup\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/12\/pulchron_setup\/19174617-1-eng-GB\/PulChron_setup.jpg\" alt=\"PulChron setup\"><figcaption>Nastaven\u00ed PulChronu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Vymysleli jsme ji\u017e n\u011bkolik velmi dobr\u00fdch metod m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasu. Na\u0161\u00edm dosud nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zvan\u00e9 atomov\u00e9 hodiny. Elektrony v atomech mohou absorbovat nebo uvol\u0148ovat velmi p\u0159esn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie. Tato energie se uvol\u0148uje ve form\u011b sv\u011bteln\u00e9 vlny o ur\u010dit\u00e9 frekvenci \u2013 ur\u010dit\u00e9ho po\u010dtu cel\u00fdch vln za sekundu \u2013, kterou lze pou\u017e\u00edt k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasu, stejn\u011b jako po\u010det cel\u00fdch v\u00fdkyv\u016f kyvadla za minutu \u0159\u00edd\u00ed chod podlahov\u00fdch hodin.<\/p>\n<p>Atomov\u00e9 hodiny mohou b\u00fdt lep\u0161\u00ed v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u0159\u00e1du let, ale pulsarov\u00e9 hodiny, jako je PulChron, by mohly b\u00fdt lep\u0161\u00ed v \u0159\u00e1du desetilet\u00ed, po uplynut\u00ed kter\u00fdch by jednotliv\u00e9 atomov\u00e9 hodiny mohly p\u0159estat fungovat. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pulsarov\u00e9 hodiny by mohly b\u00fdt velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro budouc\u00ed satelitn\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad Galileo agentury ESA, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasu po mnoho let.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"3895\" data-credit=\"Mike Peel; Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester.\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/12\/Lovell_Telescope_Jodrell_Bank\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/12\/lovell_telescope_jodrell_bank\/19173940-1-eng-GB\/Lovell_Telescope_Jodrell_Bank.jpg\" alt=\"Lovell Telescope, Jodrell Bank\"><figcaption>Lovell\u016fv dalekohled, Jodrell Bank<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Co se v\u0161ak stane, pokud dojde ke zkreslen\u00ed dat z pulsaru \u2013 t\u0159eba vlivem gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln, kter\u00e9 jsou jako vlnky \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se vesm\u00edrem a zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 mohutn\u00fdmi kosmick\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi? Mohlo by to na kr\u00e1tkou dobu vyvolat dojem, \u017ee se pulsar ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed rychleji nebo pomaleji. T\u00fdm projektu PulChron na to myslel, a proto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u011bt velk\u00fdch radioteleskop\u016f po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b k pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed nejen jednoho, ale hned 18 pulsar\u016f!\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 se v budoucnu pulsarov\u00e9 hodiny stanou b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a budou spolu s atomov\u00fdmi hodinami pom\u00e1hat m\u011b\u0159it \u010das p\u0159esn\u011bji ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159edt\u00edm!<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"6500\" data-credit=\"ESA-P. Carril\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2014\/07\/Galileo_satellite_in_orbit\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2014\/07\/galileo_satellite_in_orbit\/14632177-1-eng-GB\/Galileo_satellite_in_orbit.jpg\" alt=\"Galileo satellite in orbit\"><figcaption>Satelit Galileo na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><i>Zaj\u00edmavost: Pulsary objevila v roce 1967 britsk\u00e1 astronomka Jocelyn Bell Burnellov\u00e1. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku si myslela, \u017ee by mohly b\u00fdt d\u016fkazem existence inteligentn\u00edho mimozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, kter\u00fd se s n\u00e1mi sna\u017e\u00ed komunikovat!\u00a0<\/i><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When was the last time you checked the time? Maybe you have a wristwatch, or a clock on the wall. Did you stop to think about how accurate the time [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2017\/05\/crab_on_lcd\/16946171-1-eng-GB\/Crab_on_LCD.jpg","esa_banner_description":"A pulsar is hidden deep within this supernova bubble. Copyright: NASA, ESA, G. Dubner (IAFE, CONICET-University of Buenos Aires) et al.; A. Loll et al.; T. Temim et al.; F. Seward et al.; VLA\/NRAO\/AUI\/NSF; Chandra\/CXC; Spitzer\/JPL-Caltech; XMM-Newton\/ESA; and Hubble\/STScI, CC BY 4.0","esa_banner_credit":"NASA, ESA, G. Dubner (IAFE, CONICET-University of Buenos Aires) et al.; A. Loll et al.; T. Temim et al.; F. Seward et al.; VLA\/NRAO\/AUI\/NSF; Chandra\/CXC; Spitzer\/JPL-Caltech; XMM-Newton\/ESA; and Hubble\/STScI,CC BY 4.0","esa_banner_licence":"CC BY 4.0 INT or ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2017\/05\/Crab_on_LCD","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=297"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4394,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions\/4394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}