{"id":197,"date":"2021-12-02T12:43:24","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_universe\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:22","slug":"the_universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/the_universe\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesm\u00edr"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Vesm\u00edr je v\u0161e, \u010deho se m\u016f\u017eeme dotknout, co m\u016f\u017eeme c\u00edtit, vn\u00edmat, zm\u011b\u0159it nebo zachytit. Zahrnuje \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy, planety, hv\u011bzdy, galaxie, prachov\u00e1 mra\u010dna, sv\u011btlo a dokonce i \u010das. P\u0159ed zrozen\u00edm vesm\u00edru neexistoval \u010das, prostor ani hmota.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Vesm\u00edr obsahuje miliardy galaxi\u00ed, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 obsahuje miliony \u010di miliardy hv\u011bzd. Prostor mezi hv\u011bzdami a galaxiemi je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Av\u0161ak i v m\u00edstech vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch od hv\u011bzd a planet se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice nebo n\u011bkolik atom\u016f vod\u00edku na centimetr krychlov\u00fd. Vesm\u00edr je tak\u00e9 napln\u011bn z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm (nap\u0159. sv\u011btlem a teplem), magnetick\u00fdmi poli a \u010d\u00e1sticemi s vysokou energi\u00ed (nap\u0159. kosmick\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm).<\/p>\n

Vesm\u00edr je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b obrovsk\u00fd. Modern\u00edmu st\u00edhac\u00edmu letounu by trvalo v\u00edce ne\u017e milion let, ne\u017e by dos\u00e1hl nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy k Slunci. P\u0159i rychlosti sv\u011btla (300 000 km za sekundu) by mu trvalo 100 000 let, ne\u017e by p\u0159elet\u011bl jen na\u0161i galaxii Ml\u00e9\u010dnou dr\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n

Nikdo nezn\u00e1 p\u0159esnou velikost vesm\u00edru, proto\u017ee jeho okraj \u2013 pokud v\u016fbec n\u011bjak\u00fd existuje \u2013 nevid\u00edme. V\u00edme pouze to, \u017ee viditeln\u00fd vesm\u00edr m\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011br nejm\u00e9n\u011b 93 miliard sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. (Sv\u011bteln\u00fd rok je vzd\u00e1lenost, kterou sv\u011btlo uraz\u00ed za jeden rok \u2013 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 9 bilion\u016f km.)<\/p>\n

Vesm\u00edr nem\u011bl v\u017edy stejnou velikost. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee vznikl Velk\u00fdm t\u0159eskem, k n\u011bmu\u017e do\u0161lo p\u0159ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 14 miliardami let. Od t\u00e9 doby se vesm\u00edr rozp\u00edn\u00e1 sm\u011brem ven velmi vysokou rychlost\u00ed. Prostor, kter\u00fd dnes vid\u00edme, je tedy miliardykr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v dob\u011b, kdy byl vesm\u00edr je\u0161t\u011b velmi mlad\u00fd. Galaxie se tak\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u011b vzdaluj\u00ed, proto\u017ee se roz\u0161i\u0159uje prostor mezi nimi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Universe is everything we can touch, feel, sense, measure or detect. It includes living things, planets, stars, galaxies, dust clouds, light, and even time. Before the birth of the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2010\/06\/the_massive_compact_star_cluster_in_ngc_3603_and_its_surroundings2\/18245403-2-eng-GB\/The_massive_compact_star_cluster_in_NGC_3603_and_its_surroundings.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA\/ESA\/Hubble Heritage (STScI\/AURA)-ESA\/Hubble Collaboration","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2010\/06\/The_massive_compact_star_cluster_in_NGC_3603_and_its_surroundings2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,19],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-story-of-the-universe","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=197"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1340,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197\/revisions\/1340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}