{"id":196,"date":"2021-12-02T12:44:26","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/stars2\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:22","slug":"stars2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/stars2\/","title":{"rendered":"Hv\u011bzdy"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Stejn\u011b jako lid\u00e9 se i hv\u011bzdy rod\u00ed, st\u00e1rnou a um\u00edraj\u00ed. Rod\u00ed se v obrovsk\u00fdch, chladn\u00fdch oblac\u00edch plynu a prachu, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako \u2018mlhoviny\u2019. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich je Orionova mlhovina, kter\u00e1 je viditeln\u00e1 pouh\u00fdm okem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Miliardy let po sv\u00e9m zrozen\u00ed, kdy\u017e se st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, jako je Slunce, bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ke konci sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota, se zv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a prom\u011bn\u00ed se v \u010derven\u00e9ho obra. Ten m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pr\u016fm\u011br a\u017e miliony kilometr\u016f \u2013 a\u017e se to stane Slunci, bude tak velk\u00e9, \u017ee pohlt\u00ed planety Merkur a Venu\u0161i!<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co hv\u011bzda vyfoukne sv\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy plynu, zhrout\u00ed se a vytvo\u0159\u00ed velmi hust\u00e9ho b\u00edl\u00e9ho trpasl\u00edka. Jedna \u010dajov\u00e1 l\u017ei\u010dka hmoty z b\u00edl\u00e9ho trpasl\u00edka by v\u00e1\u017eila a\u017e 100 tun! V pr\u016fb\u011bhu miliard let se b\u00edl\u00fd trpasl\u00edk ochlad\u00ed a stane se neviditeln\u00fdm. Ale nebojte se, na\u0161emu Slunci se to stane a\u017e za dal\u0161\u00edch asi 5 miliard let!<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy se do\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho v\u011bku, v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 miliard let. Jejich smrt nebyla dosud nikdy pozorov\u00e1na, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee sv\u016fj \u017eivot ukon\u010d\u00ed ti\u0161e a nakonec vyhasnou.<\/p>\n

\"Supernova
Zbytky supernovy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy kon\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj \u017eivot velmi n\u00e1hle. Ke konci sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota se zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed do podoby \u010derven\u00fdch superobr\u016f, ne\u017e se nakonec rozpadnou v obrovsk\u00e9m v\u00fdbuchu supernovy.<\/p>\n

Zhruba t\u00fdden supernova sv\u00edt\u00ed jasn\u011bji ne\u017e v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed hv\u011bzdy ve sv\u00e9 galaxii. Pot\u00e9 rychle zhasne. Z\u016fstane po n\u00ed jen nepatrn\u00fd, hust\u00fd objekt \u2013 neutronov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda nebo \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra \u2013 obklopen\u00fd roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm se oblakem velmi hork\u00e9ho plynu.<\/p>\n

Prvky vznikl\u00e9 uvnit\u0159 superob\u0159\u00ed hv\u011bzdy (jako je kysl\u00edk, uhl\u00edk a \u017eelezo) se rozptyluj\u00ed do vesm\u00edru. Z tohoto hv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho prachu se nakonec zrod\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy a planety!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Like people, stars are born, they grow old and they die. Their birth places are huge, cold clouds of gas and dust, known as ‘nebulas’. The most famous of these […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/01\/nearby_galaxy_ngc_1569_is_a_hotbed_of_star_birth_activity2\/17880180-2-eng-GB\/Nearby_galaxy_NGC_1569_is_a_hotbed_of_star_birth_activity.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Nearby galaxy NGC 1569 is a 'hotbed' of star birth activity","esa_banner_credit":"ESA, NASA and Peter Anders (G\u00f6ttingen University Galaxy Evolution Group, Germany)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/01\/Nearby_galaxy_NGC_1569_is_a_hotbed_of_star_birth_activity2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,21],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-stars-and-galaxies","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=196"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4352,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions\/4352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}